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. 2022 Aug 9;12(8):735. doi: 10.3390/metabo12080735

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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In (A), propionate increased during pregnancy in control (PREG CON), while nicotine (PREG NIC) exposure reduced cecal propionate levels in pregnant dams. All other cecal SCFAs were unchanged by pregnancy or NIC exposure. In (B), no significant differences were observed in circulating SCFAs between the groups. However, in (C), all measured SCFAs were significantly reduced in amniotic fluid collected from PREG NIC group. Values expressed as mean ± SEM; Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, n = 6–10 per group.

In (A), propionate increased during pregnancy in control (PREG CON), while nicotine (PREG NIC) exposure reduced cecal propionate levels in pregnant dams. All other cecal SCFAs were unchanged by pregnancy or NIC exposure. In (B), no significant differences were observed in circulating SCFAs between the groups. However, in (C), all measured SCFAs were significantly reduced in amniotic fluid collected from PREG NIC group. Values expressed as mean ± SEM; Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, n = 6–10 per group.