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. 2022 Aug 11;22(16):5997. doi: 10.3390/s22165997

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Schematic at the transistor level of the preamplifier stage. (a) differential amplifier; (b) regulated cascode; (c) input stage, including $C_{d}$ (diode capacitance), $L_{b}$ (wire bond inductance), and $C_{p}$ (parasitic capacitance of the pad). By the Kirchhoff’s voltage equations in nodes 0, 1, 2 and 3, the transimpedance transfer function is obtained.