Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients (28-day survivors vs. non-survivors) on venoarterial ECMO support before and after weighting
| Before weighting | After weighting | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Survivors (n = 243) |
Non-survivors (n = 187) |
SMD | Survivors (n = 243) |
Non-survivors (n = 187) |
SMD |
| Age; years | 53 ± 14 | 59 ± 13 | 0.122 | 58 ± 10 | 58 ± 10 | 0.010 |
| Male sex; n (%) | 155 (64) | 134 (72) | 0.165 | 168 (69) | 127 (68) | 0.008 |
| BMI | 27.6 ± 6.1 | 28.0 ± 5.8 | 0.084 | 27.9 ± 6 | 27.9 ± 7 | 0.046 |
| Medical history; n (%) | ||||||
| Hypertension | 102 (42) | 102 (55) | 0.090 | 119 (49) | 92 (49) | 0.001 |
| eGFR < 80 ml min−1 m−2 | 103 (43) | 98 (53) | 0.007 | 116 (48) | 90 (49) | 0.008 |
| Diabetes | 54 (22) | 54 (29) | 0.059 | 61 (25) | 47 (25) | < 0.001 |
| Stroke | 14 (6) | 13 (7) | 0.009 | 17 (7) | 13 (7) | 0.003 |
| Coronary disease | 99 (41) | 90 (49) | 0.156 | 109 (45) | 84 (45) | 0.011 |
| COPD/asthma | 22 (9) | 23 (12) | 0.132 | 27 (11) | 23 (12) | 0.109 |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 31 (13) | 19 (10) | 0.09 | 29 (12) | 21 (11) | 0.04 |
| Valvular heart disease | 50 (21) | 46 (25) | 0.173 | 56 (23) | 43 (23) | 0.149 |
| SAPS II | 54 [38–71] | 57 [45–74] | 0.235 | 56 [43–73] | 54 [43–72] | 0.018 |
| Arterial lactate on admission; mmol l−1 | 6 ± 4 | 8 ± 5 | 0.249 | 5 ± 4 | 5 ± 4 | 0.044 |
| Etiology of refractory cardiogenic shock; n (%) | ||||||
| LCOS | 63 (26) | 54 (29) | 0.265 | 66 (27) | 51 (27) | 0.038 |
| Primary graft dysfunction | 16 (7) | 4 (2) | 12 (5) | 9 (5) | ||
| Acute coronary syndrome | 63 (26) | 58 (31) | 68 (28) | 52 (28) | ||
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 37 (15) | 16 (9) | 27 (11) | 22 (12) | ||
| Viral myocarditis | 13 (5) | 4 (2) | 10 (4) | 7 (4) | ||
| Pulmonary embolism | 13 (5) | 9 (5) | 12 (5) | 11 (6) | ||
| Congenital | 3 (1) | 1 (1) | 3 (1) | 2 (1) | ||
| ARDS | 5 (2) | 5 (3) | 5 (2) | 4 (2) | ||
| Other | 30 (12) | 30 (20) | 39 (16) | 30(16) | ||
BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; SAPS II, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II; LCOS, low cardiac output syndrome; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; SMD: standardized mean differences