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. 2022 Aug 4;15(8):966. doi: 10.3390/ph15080966

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Treatment with (R)-SFN decreased the production of TNF-α (A), IL-17 (B), IL-6 (C) and IL-1β (D) levels. Murine peritoneal macrophages were treated with (R)-SFN (12.5 or 6.25 µM) 30 min before stimulation with LPS (5 µg/mL) for 18 h, then cytokine secretion was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in cell supernatants. Data are expressed as means ± SEMs (n = 8). (++) p < 0.01; (+++) p < 0.001 vs. control cells (unstimulated); (***) p < 0.001 vs. LPS-DMSO-treated cells; (#) p < 0.05 vs. cells treated with 6.25 µM (R)-SFN.