Table 1.
Demographic characteristics stratified by sex (n = 15,674).
| Variable | Total | Male | Female | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 15,674 | n = 7579 (49.1%) | n = 8095 (50.9%) | ||
| Age, n (weighted %) | ||||
| 18–44 years | 6522 (43.9) | 3207 (46.1) | 3315 (41.7) | <0.001 * |
| 45–64 years | 5128 (34.4) | 2414 (33.7) | 2714 (35.0) | 0.233 |
| ≥65 years | 3512 (18.7) | 1723 (17.2) | 1789 (20.2) | <0.001 * |
| Race/ethnicity, n (weighted %) | ||||
| White | 6160 (65.5) | 3030 (66.0) | 3130 (65.1) | 0.28 |
| Black | 3559 (10.9) | 1674 (10.1) | 1885 (11.6) | <0.001 * |
| Hispanic | 3698 (15.0) | 1706 (15.1) | 1992 (14.9) | 0.725 |
| Others | 2257 (8.5) | 1169 (8.7) | 1088 (8.4) | 0.495 |
| Education, n (weighted %) | ||||
| High school or less | 6162 (34.5) | 3117 (35.7) | 3045 (33.3) | 0.023 * |
| Some college or more | 8752 (65.5) | 4079 (64.3) | 4673 (66.7) | 0.023 * |
| Poverty income ratio, n (weighted %) | ||||
| <1.0 | 2970 (13.9) | 1284 (12.4) | 1686 (15.5) | <0.001 * |
| ≥1.0 | 11,407 (86.1) | 5660 (87.6) | 5747 (84.5) | <0.001 * |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 29.44 ± 0.13 | 29.16 ± 0.15 | 29.70 ± 0.16 | 0.003 * |
| Weight status, n (weighted %) | ||||
| Normal | 4180 (27.3) | 1957 (24.5) | 2223 (30.0) | <0.001 * |
| Overweight | 5033 (32.5) | 2809 (37.1) | 2224 (28.0) | <0.001 * |
| Obese | 6370 (39.6) | 2768 (37.9) | 3602 (41.3) | 0.013 * |
| Total diabetes, n (weighted %) | 2773 (13.0) | 1460 (14.2) | 1313 (11.9) | 0.005 * |
| Diagnosed diabetes, n (weighted %) | 2128 (10.2) | 1128 (11.2) | 1000 (9.2) | 0.004 * |
| Undiagnosed diabetes, n (weighted %) | 645 (2.8) | 332 (3.0) | 313 (2.7) | 0.496 |
| Dietary quality | ||||
| Total diet quality score (HEI-2015) | 53.76 ± 0.31 | 52.33 ± 0.32 | 55.13 ± 0.39 | <0.001 * |
| 1st tertile (10–47.6), n (weighted %) | 5381 (34.3) | 2829 (37.7) | 2552 (31.1) | <0.001 * |
| 2nd tertile (47.6–60.1), n (weighted %) | 5213 (33.8) | 2538 (34.3) | 2675 (33.4) | 0.408 |
| 3rd tertile (60.1–99.6), n (weighted %) | 5080 (31.8) | 2212 (28.0) | 2868 (35.5) | <0.001 * |
| Total PA MET-minutes/week | 3253.22 ± 81.88 | 4286.61 ± 148.30 | 2257.55 ± 68.95 | <0.001 * |
| Met PA, n (weighted %) # | 9171 (63.5) | 5011 (70.4) | 4160 (56.8) | <0.001 * |
| PA + Diet. Qual., n (weighted %) | ||||
| Met PA + Higher Diet. Qual.@ | 3110 (21.7) | 1488 (20.3) | 1622 (23.1) | 0.004 * |
| Met PA + Lower Diet. Qual.& | 6061 (41.7) | 3523 (50.1) | 2538 (33.7) | <0.001 * |
| Not meet PA + Higher Diet. Qual. | 1970 (10.1) | 724 (7.7) | 1246 (12.3) | <0.001 * |
| Not meet PA + Lower Diet. Qual. | 4533 (26.5) | 1844 (21.9) | 2689 (30.9) | <0.001 * |
Note: Data are present as weighted mean ± SE unless otherwise specified. Male and female values have been compared, p-values for continuous variables were obtained by performing t-test (PROC SURVEYREG), and p-values for categorical variables were obtained by performing Chi-square test (PROC SURVEYFREQ). HEI = Healthy Eating Index; PA = physical activity; MET = metabolic equivalent of task. # Weekly physical activity time ≥ 600 MET-minutes/week; @ Higher dietary quality was defined as 60.1 < HEI-2015 ≤ 99.6 (3rd tertile); & Lower dietary quality was defined as 10 ≤ HEI-2015 ≤ 60.1 (1st and 2nd tertiles); * statistically significant difference between male and female.