Table 2.
(a) Univariate analysis—what do HCWs think about influenza? Absolute values and percentages of the Yes answers are reported. (b) Univariate analysis—vaccine obligation. Absolute values and percentages of the Yes answers are reported. (c) Univariate analysis—promotion and vaccine hesitancy. Absolute values and percentages of the Yes answers are reported.
| (a) | ||||||||||||
| Variable | Influenza is a dangerous disease only for elderly people (age ≥ 65 years) and for those with previous illnesses | p | If I and/or my colleagues get sick with flu, difficulties may arise in reorganizing the staff shifts. | p | I can transmit the Influenza even if I am asymptomatic. | p | Flu is NOT a dangerous disease for healthy people. | p | ||||
| Total | No | 278 (31.9) | 53 (6.1) | 153 (17.5) | 333 (38.2) | |||||||
| Yes | 549 (68.1) | 819 (93.9) | 719 (82.5) | 539 (61.8) | ||||||||
| Age | <40 | 249 (58.7) | <0.001 | 398 (93.9) | 0.979 | 382 (90.1) | <0.001 | 238 (56.1) | 0.001 | |||
| >40 | 329 (77) | 401 (93.9) | 321 (75.2) | 285 (66.7) | ||||||||
| Gender | F | 368 (66.9) | 0.316 | 522 (94.9) | 0.111 | 443 (80.5) | 0.053 | 342 (62.2) | 0.769 | |||
| M | 226 (70.2) | 297 (92.2) | 276 (85.7) | 197 (61.2) | ||||||||
| Civil status | Not married | 228 (66.1) | 0.297 | 327 (94.8) | 0.389 | 291 (84.3) | 0.234 | 208 (60.3) | 0.454 | |||
| Married | 366 (69.4) | 492 (93.4) | 428 (81.2) | 331 (62.8) | ||||||||
| Job title | Physicians | 305 (68.4) | 0.863 | 416 (93.3) | 0.412 | 381 (85.4) | 0.018 | 283 (63.5) | 0.307 | |||
| Other Health Care Workers | 289 (67.8) | 403 (94.6) | 338 (79.3) | 256 (60.1) | ||||||||
| (b) | ||||||||||||
| Variable | Influenza vaccination is a professional responsibility for healthcare professionals, who can inadvertently transmit the flu, endangering patients lives. | p | I would voluntarily undergo flu vaccination to protect myself and the people I come in contact with. | p | I would have mandatory flu vaccination if it were offered directly at the workplace. | p | It’s fair that influenza vaccination is mandatory for healthcare professionals. | p | ||||
| Total | No | 100 (11.5) | 91 (10.4) | 98 (11.2) | 225 (25.8) | |||||||
| Yes | 772 (88.5) | 781 (89.6) | 774 (88.8) | 647 (74.2) | ||||||||
| Age | ≤40 | 386 (91) | 0.020 | 383 (90.3) | 0.595 | 389 (91.7) | 0.017 | 321 (75.7) | 0.338 | |||
| >40 | 367 (85.9) | 381 (89.2) | 370 (86.7) | 311 (72.8) | ||||||||
| Gender | F | 483 (87.8) | 0.387 | 487 (88.5) | 0.198 | 477 (86.7) | 0.013 | 388 (70.5) | 0.001 | |||
| M | 289 (89.8) | 294 (91.3) | 297 (92.2) | 259 (80.4) | ||||||||
| Civil status | Not married | 314 (91) | 0.063 | 315 (91.3) | 0.174 | 312 (90.4) | 0.206 | 260 (75.4) | 0.525 | |||
| Married | 458 (86.9) | 466 (88.4) | 462 (87.7) | 387 (73.4) | ||||||||
| Job title | Physicians | 419 (93.9) | <0.001 | 423 (94.8) | <0.001 | 423 (94.8) | <0.001 | 378 (84.8) | <0.001 | |||
| Other Health Care Workers | 353 (82.9) | 358 (84) | 351 (82.4) | 269 (63.1) | ||||||||
| Variable | Forcing healthcare professionals to get vaccinated is unethical as it violates the individual’s choice. | p | Only elderly people (age ≥ 65 years) and those with previous illnesses should be required to undergo Influenza vaccination | p | Influenza vaccination should only be recommended for healthcare professionals | p | I do not have to be forced to undergo Influenza vaccination if I work in a low-risk Operating Unit. | p | ||||
| Total | No | 517 (59.3) | 582 (66.7) | 588 (67.4) | 640 (73.4) | |||||||
| Yes | 355 (40.7) | 290 (33.3) | 284 (32.6) | 232 (26.6) | ||||||||
| Age | ≤40 | 158 (37.3) | 0.052 | 115 (27.1) | <0.001 | 133 (31.4) | 0.463 | 110 (25.9) | 0.578 | |||
| >40 | 187 (43.8) | 169 (39.6) | 144 (33.7) | 118 (27.6) | ||||||||
| Gender | F | 238 (43.3) | 0.044 | 182 (33.1) | 0.892 | 182 (33.1) | 0.667 | 163 (29.6) | 0.008 | |||
| M | 117 (36.3) | 108 (33.5) | 102 (31.7) | 69 (21.4) | ||||||||
| Civil status | Not married | 133 (38.6) | 0.293 | 107 (31) | 0.255 | 93 (27) | 0.004 | 92 (26.7) | 0.974 | |||
| Married | 222 (42.1) | 183 (34.7) | 191 (36.2) | 140 (26.6) | ||||||||
| Job title | Physicians | 128 (28.7) | <0.001 | 143 (32.1) | 0.444 | 138 (30.9) | 0.294 | 84 (18.8) | <0.001 | |||
| Other Health Care Workers | 227 (53.3) | 147 (34.5) | 146 (34.3) | 148 (34.7) | ||||||||
| (c) | ||||||||||||
| Variable | I don’t have to undergo Influenza vaccination if I’m healty. | p | Healthcare professionals must promote vaccination because they are responsible for the citizen’s health education | p | I’m afraid of the Influenza vaccination’s side effects. | p | I’m afraid of injection | p | Health education programs organized in the structure where I work may be useful for me to learn about Influenza vaccination. | p | ||
| Total | No | 649 (74.4) | 81 (9.3) | 695 (79.7) | 816 (93.6) | 136 (15.6) | ||||||
| Yes | 223 (25.6) | 791 (90.7) | 177 (20.3) | 56(6.4) | 736 (84.4) | |||||||
| Age | ≤40 | 98 (23.1) | 0.112 | 396 (93.4) | 0.010 | 64 (15.1) | <0.001 | 28(6.6) | 0.758 | 348 (82.1) | 0.101 | |
| >40 | 119 (27.9) | 377 (88.3) | 107 (25.1) | 26(6.1) | 368 (86.2) | |||||||
| Gender | F | 151 (27.5) | 0.096 | 490 (89.1) | 0.031 | 129 (23.5) | 0.002 | 39 (7.1) | 0.292 | 459 (83.5) | 0.313 | |
| M | 72 (22.4) | 301 (93.5) | 48 (14.9) | 17 (5.3) | 277 (86) | |||||||
| Civil status | Not married | 77 (22.3) | 0.075 | 322 (93.3) | 0.031 | 67 (19.4) | 0.602 | 31(9) | 0.012 | 294 (85.2) | 0.592 | |
| Married | 146 (27.7) | 469 (89) | 110 (20.9) | 25 (4.7) | 442 (83.9) | |||||||
| Job title | Physicians | 80 (17.9) | <0.001 | 431 (96.6) | <0.001 | 39 (8.7) | <0.001 | 23(5.2) | 0.119 | 375 (84.1) | 0.788 | |
| Other Health Care Workers | 143 (33.6) | 360 (84.5) | 138 (32.4) | 33 (7.7) | 361 (84.7) | |||||||
| Variable | It’s not necessary to undergo Influenza vaccination if you respect the hygiene rules (for example, washing your hands often, especially after sneezing/coughing or going to public places). | p | If I am vaccinated, I don’t risk transmitting flu to patients I take care of and to the people I come into contact with. | p | The Influenza vaccine can have dangerous side effects. | p | Influenza vaccination is important to prevent the disease. | p | Have you ever had the flu shot in your life? | p | ||
| Total | No | 730 (83.7) | 211 (24.2) | 664 (76.1) | 49 (5.6) | 320 (36.7) | ||||||
| Yes | 142 (16.3) | 661 (75.8) | 208 (23.9) | 823 (94.4) | 552 (63.3) | |||||||
| Age | ≤40 | 71 (16.7) | 0.677 | 309 (72.9) | 0.070 | 93(21.9) | 0.249 | 403 (95) | 0.386 | 244 (57.5) | <0.001 | |
| >40 | 67 (15.7) | 334 (78.2) | 108 (25.3) | 400 (93.7) | 293 (68.6) | |||||||
| Gender | F | 98 (17.8) | 0.109 | 422 (76.7) | 0.405 | 135 (24.5) | 0.531 | 512 (93.1) | 0.031 | 342 (62.2) | 0.369 | |
| M | 44 (13.7) | 239 (74.2) | 73 (22.7) | 311 (96.6) | 210 (65.2) | |||||||
| Civil status | Not married | 64 (18.6) | 0.143 | 256 (74.2) | 0.372 | 79 (22.9) | 0.593 | 328 (95.1) | 0.473 | 212 (61.4) | 0.358 | |
| Married | 78 (14.8) | 405 (76.9) | 129 (24.5) | 495 (93.9) | 340 (64.5) | |||||||
| Job title | Physicians | 40(9) | <0.001 | 374 (83.9) | <0.001 | 64 (14.3) | <0.001 | 434 (97.3) | <0.001 | 331 (74.2) | <0.001 | |
| Other Health Care Workers | 102 (23.9) | 287 (67.4) | 144 (33.8) | 389 (91.3) | 221 (51.9) | |||||||