Table 1.
Patients’ characteristics, pre- and postoperative findings. Epiphora was assessed with the Munk Scale (0: No epiphora; 1: Epiphora requiring dabbing less than twice per day; 2: Epiphora requiring dabbing 2–4 times per day; 3: Epiphora requiring dabbing 5–10 times per day; 4: Epiphora requiring dabbing more than 10 times per day; 5: Constant epiphora). Dry eye severity was assessed according to the Oxford grading scheme.
| Total | Group 1 | Group 2 | Significance Group 1 vs. Group 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Patients enrolled, number Patients, eyes |
35 53 |
18 (51.4%) 27 (51%) |
17 (48.6%) 26 (49%) |
|
| - male - age (years), median (range) |
37 (70%) 76 (57–83) |
20 (74%) 71 (57–93) |
17 (65%) 78.5 (61–86) |
p = 0.0218 |
| Observation time (days), median (range) | 286 (320) | 298 (320) | 256 (227) | p = 0.0656 |
| Operated side | ||||
| - right eye | 26 | 12 | 14 | |
| - left eye | 27 | 15 | 12 | |
| Surgeries aiming to restore vertical laxity | 16 | 3 | 13 | p = 0.028 |
|
Epiphora preoperative, median (range) 0 No epiphora 1 2 3 4 5 Constant epiphora |
3 (0–5) 5 9 2 15 6 16 |
3 (0–5) 5 6 0 5 2 8 |
3 (1–5) 0 3 2 10 4 8 |
p = 0.4466 |
|
Epiphora postoperative, median (range) 0 No epiphora 1 2 3 4 5 Constant epiphora |
1 (0–5) 26 11 6 9 0 1 |
0 (0–5) 17 6 0 4 0 1 |
1 (0–3) 9 5 6 5 0 0 |
p = 0.1481 |
| Epiphora improvement, median (range) | 2 (4) | 1 (4) | 2 (3) | p = 0.7739 |
|
Dry eye severity preoperative, median (range) 0 Absent 1 Minimal 2 Mild 3 Moderate 4 Marked |
1 (0–3) 11 17 15 10 0 |
1 (0–3) 9 10 4 5 0 |
2 (0–3) 2 7 11 5 0 |
|
|
Dry eye severity postoperative, median(range) 0 Absent 1 Minimal 2 Mild 3 Moderate 4 Marked |
1 (0–3) 15 17 17 4 0 |
0 (0–3) 15 6 5 2 0 |
2 (1–3) 0 11 12 2 0 |
p < 0.0001 |
| Preoperative correct position of punctum | 17 | 12 (44.4%) | 5 (19.2%) | p = 0.0772 |
| Postoperative correct position of punctum | 40 | 23 (85.2%) | 17 (65.4%) | p = 0.1188 |
| Improved position of punctum | 22 | 10/14 (71.4%) | 12/21 (57.1%) | p = 0.4875 |
| In eyes aiming to restore vertical laxity | 11 | 3/3 (100%) | 8/12 (66.7%) | p = 0.5165 |
| In other eyes | 11 | 7/11 (63.6%) | 4/9 (44.4%) | p = 0.6534 |
|
Total Complications - Suture granuloma - Secondary surgery due to persisting ectropion - Secondary surgery due to wound dehiscence - Cheese wiring - Nunchaku dislocation |
2 (7.4%) 1 0 1 0 0 |
11 (42.3%) 0 1 1 8 1 |
p = 0.0041 |