Table 2.
Important phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms, their ecological niches, and organic acids produced.
| Phosphate-Solubilizing Microorganism | Ecological Niche | Predominantly Produced Acids | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Escherichia freundii | Soil | Lactic | [62] |
| Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp. | Soil | Citric, glycolic, succinic, gluconic, oxalic, lactic | [62] |
| Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus subtilus | Soil rizoshpere | Lactic, malic | [63] |
| Arthrobacter sp., Bascillus sp., Bacillus firmus B-7650 | Wheat and cowpea rhizosphere | Lactic, citric | [64] |
| Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Chaetomium nigricolor | Lateritic soil | Oxalic, succinic, citric, 2-ketogluconic | [65] |
| A. japonicus, A. foetidus | Indian rock phosphate | Oxalic, citric, gluconic, succinic, tartaric | [66] |
| P. radicum | Wheat rhizosphere | Gluconic | [67] |
| Enterobacter agglomerans | Wheat rhizosphere | Oxalic, citric | [68] |
| Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. licheniformis, B. atrophaeus, Penibacillus macerans, Vibrio proteolyticus, Xanthobacter agilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, E. taylorae, E. asburiae, Kluyvera cryocrescens, Pseudomonas aeromonassens, Chrysler | Mangrove | Lactic, itaconic, isovaleric, isobutyric, acetic | [69] |
| Penicillium rugulosum | Venezuelan phosphate rocks | Citric, gluconic acid | [70] |
| Enterobacter intermedius | Grass rhizosphere | 2-ketogluconic | [71] |
| Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Penicillium canescens | Wheat grains | Oxalic, citric, gluconic, succinic | [72] |
| Pseudomonas fluorescens | Oil palms rhizosphere | Citric, malic, tartaric, gluconic | [73] |
| Aspergillus niger | Tropical and subtropical soils | Gluconic, oxalic | [74] |
| P. trivialis | Rhizosphere of Hippophae rhamnoides (cold Howl and Spiti deserts, Trans-Himalayas) | Lactic, formic | [75] |
| B. pumilus var.2; B. subtilis var.2; Actinomadura oligospora; Citrobacter sp. | Giant cardon cactus (P. pringlei) | Gluconic, propionic, isovaleric, heptonic, caproic, isocaproic, formic, valeric, succinic, oxalic, oxaloacetic, malonic | [76] |
| B. pumilus CHOO8A; B. fusiformis | Opuntia cholla | gluconic, oxalic, 2-ketogluconic, lactic, succinic aid, formic, citric, malic | [76] |
| Bacillus sp. SENDO 6 и | P. pringlei | Gluconic, propionic, isovaleric, formic, succinic, lactic | [77] |
| Pseudomonas putida M5TSA, Enterobacter sakazakii M2PFe и Bacillus megaterium M1PCa | Mammillaria fraileana cactus | Gluconic, propionic, acetic, formic, succinic, lactic, oxalic | [78] |