2D	two-dimensional
3D	three-dimensional
ADAS	Advanced Driver Assistance System
AI	artificial intelligence
ALS	airborne laser scanning
AMCW	amplitude modulated continuous wave
APD	avalanche photodiode
BIM	building information modeling
BP-ANN	backpropagation artificial neural network
CMOS	complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
CNN	convolutional neural network
DAC	digital-to-analog converter
DBSCAN	density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise
DM-ISDNN	dual-modal instance segmentation deep neural network
E2E	end-to-end
FCN	fully convolutional neural network
FMCW	frequency modulated continuous wave
FOV	field of view
FRPDM	free-resolution probability distributions map
GIS	geographic information system
GMM	Gaussian mixture model
GNSS	Global Navigation Satellite System
GPS	Global Positioning System
GPU	graphics processing unit
HMM	hidden Markov model
IDW	inverse distance weighted
IMM	interacting multiple model
IMU	inertial measurement unit
KITTI	Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Toyota Technological Institute
lidar	light detection and ranging
LoDNN	Lidar-only Deep Neural Network
MEMS	micro-electromechanical system
MLS	mobile laser scanning
MPE	maximum permissible exposure
MSTV	multiscale tensor voting
OPA	optical phased array
PMT	photomultiplier tube
radar	radio detection and ranging
RGB	red-green-blue
SiPM	silicon photomultiplier
SLAM	simultaneous localization and mapping
SNR	signal-to-noise ratio
SPAD	single-photon avalanche photodiode
SVM	support vector machine
TDC	time-to-digital converter
TLS	terrestrial laser scanning
ToF	time of flight
UAV	unmanned aerial vehicle
WND	weighted neighboring difference
WSMLR	weakly supervised metric learning