Table 2.

Evaluation of LSTM hyperparameters.

Optimizer	Hidden Units	RMSE	MAPE	MAE	R${}^2$	Time (s)
SGDM	10	5.40 $\times {10}^{-2}$	1.67 $\times {10}^{-1}$	3.85 $\times {10}^{-2}$	0.5226	81.53
	20	3.73 $\times {10}^{-2}$	1.12 $\times {10}^{-1}$	2.60 $\times {10}^{-2}$	0.2737	78.02
	30	2.32 $\times {10}^{-2}$	7.09 $\times {10}^{-2}$	1.63 $\times {10}^{-2}$	0.7180	71.09
	40	2.77 $\times {10}^{-2}$	8.48 $\times {10}^{-2}$	1.95 $\times {10}^{-2}$	0.5981	70.62
	50	1.78 $\mathbf{\times }{\mathbf{10}}^{\mathbf{-}\mathbf{2}}$	4.82 $\mathbf{\times }{\mathbf{10}}^{\mathbf{-}\mathbf{2}}$	1.15 $\mathbf{\times }{\mathbf{10}}^{\mathbf{-}\mathbf{2}}$	0.8339	74.71
ADAM	10	5.61 $\times {10}^{-2}$	1.79 $\times {10}^{-1}$	4.08 $\times {10}^{-2}$	0.6419	71.29
	20	5.64 $\times {10}^{-2}$	1.76 $\times {10}^{-1}$	4.05 $\times {10}^{-2}$	0.6601	72.94
	30	3.33 $\times {10}^{-2}$	1.02 $\times {10}^{-1}$	2.34 $\times {10}^{-2}$	0.4206	74.13
	40	2.97 $\times {10}^{-2}$	8.85 $\times {10}^{-2}$	2.06 $\times {10}^{-2}$	0.5396	74.16
	50	1.82 $\mathbf{\times }{\mathbf{10}}^{\mathbf{-}\mathbf{2}}$	4.84 $\mathbf{\times }{\mathbf{10}}^{\mathbf{-}\mathbf{2}}$	1.16 $\mathbf{\times }{\mathbf{10}}^{\mathbf{-}\mathbf{2}}$	0.8274	74.43
RMSprop	10	5.13 $\times {10}^{-2}$	1.68 $\times {10}^{-1}$	3.79 $\times {10}^{-2}$	0.3732	72.47
	20	5.13 $\times {10}^{-2}$	1.75 $\times {10}^{-1}$	3.90 $\times {10}^{-2}$	0.3762	73.32
	30	4.50 $\times {10}^{-2}$	1.51 $\times {10}^{-1}$	3.38 $\times {10}^{-2}$	0.0566	73.74
	40	3.10 $\mathbf{\times }{\mathbf{10}}^{\mathbf{-}\mathbf{2}}$	9.16 $\mathbf{\times }{\mathbf{10}}^{\mathbf{-}\mathbf{2}}$	2.14 $\mathbf{\times }{\mathbf{10}}^{\mathbf{-}\mathbf{2}}$	0.4995	75.56
	50	3.73 $\times {10}^{-2}$	1.33 $\times {10}^{-1}$	2.92 $\times {10}^{-2}$	0.2722	73.08