Table 1.
Phytochemicals with potential nootropic effect.
| Ref. | Phytochemical Group |
Main Active Compounds | Uses and Effects | Botanical Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [178,179,180,181,182] | Terpenoids | Panaxosides (Ginsenosides) | Adaptogen, antioxidant, vasorelaxation | Panax ginseng |
| [183,184,185,186,187] | Ginkgolides | Antioxidant, neuroprotection, vasodilatation | Ginkgo biloba | |
| [188,189,190] | Asiatic acid, centellic acid, madecassic acid, asiaticoside, centelloside, madecassoside, brahmoside | Antioxidant, anxiolytic, nootropic | Centella asiatica | |
| [191,192,193,194] | Withanolides | Antioxidant, increase in red blood cell content, nootropic | Withania somnifera | |
| [195,196,197,198] | Bacosides, bacopasides | Antioxidant, cognitive enhancer, neuroprotectant | Bacopa monnieri | |
| [199,200] | Alkaloids | Methylxanthines | Anxiolytic, nootropic, panicolytic, stimulant | Paullinia cupana |
| [201,202,203] | Polyphenols | Rosavins, salidroside | Adaptogen, antidepressant, antioxidant, anxiolytic, stimulant | Rhodiola rosea |
| [204,205,206] | Schisandra lignans | Antioxidant, neuroprotection | Schisandra chinensis | |
| [207,208,209,210,211] | Diverse 1 | Eleutherosides, ciwujianosides | Antioxidant, memory improvement | Eleutherococcus senticosus |
| [212,213,214] | Macamides, macaenes | Antioxidant, antidepressant, cognitive enhancer | Lepidium meyenii |
1 Heterogenous group of chemical compounds.