Table 5.
Catalytic activities of serum biochemical markers within the rats exposed to different doses of compounds found in N. cataria extracts and CCl4.
| Group/Compounds | Conc. (mg/kg bwt) |
rAST (U/L) |
rALT (U/L) |
rALP (U/L) |
rγ-GT (U/L) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control group | 1 4.08 ± 0.12 † | 21.37 ± 0.26 † | 272.94 ± 0.83 † | 4.01 ± 0.03 † | |
| CCl4 | 1 mL/kg | 69.64 ± 0.41 * | 64.72 ± 0.38 * | 371.14 ± 0.46 * | 15.78 ± 0.08 * |
| quinic acid | 50 | 5.58 ± 0.08 *† | 51.04 ± 0.62 *† | 289.59 ± 0.33 *† | 11.41 ± 0.03 *† |
| 100 | 5.12 ± 0.14 *† | 45.94 ± 0.13 *† | 285.17 ± 0.28 *† | 9.23 ± 0.11 *† | |
| 200 | 4.96 ± 0.07 † | 44.19 ± 0.27 *† | 279.86 ± 0.19 † | 8.40 ± 0.26 *† | |
| protocatechuic acid | 50 | 9.11 ± 0.18 *† | 59.67 ± 0.10 *† | 323.16 ± 0.85 *† | 12.53 ± 0.32 *† |
| 100 | 7.56 ± 0.06 *† | 54.46 ± 0.34 *† | 300.54 ± 0.62 *† | 11.70 ± 0.10 *† | |
| 200 | 7.01 ± 0.20 *† | 51.74 ± 0.22 *† | 298.44 ± 0.30 *† | 9.29 ± 0.13 *† | |
| chlorogenic acid | 50 | 7.34 ± 0.05 *† | 50.11 ± 0.41 *† | 302.51 ± 0.49 *† | 10.21 ± 0.15 *† |
| 100 | 6.03 ± 0.10 *† | 42.67 ± 0.30 *† | 284.53 ± 0.32 *† | 9.28 ± 0.50 *† | |
| 200 | 4.28 ± 0.07 † | 37.12 ± 0.28 *† | 280.22 ± 0.41 *† | 6.80 ± 0.77 *† | |
| p-hydroxybenzoic acid | 50 | 19.71 ± 0.08 *† | 55.16 ± 0.52 *† | 354.79 ± 0.97 *† | 11.83 ± 0.65 *† |
| 100 | 14.28 ± 0.26 *† | 52.11 ± 0.40 *† | 331.60 ± 0.54 *† | 10.91 ± 0.38 *† | |
| 200 | 10.46 ± 0.37 *† | 48.73 ± 0.13 *† | 310.93 ± 0.19 *† | 9.04 ± 0.50 *† | |
| caffeic acid | 50 | 27.53 ± 0.41 *† | 63.61 ± 0.55 *† | 360.38 ± 0.59 *† | 13.91 ± 0.05 *† |
| 100 | 20.14 ± 0.52 *† | 62.11 ± 0.43 *† | 322.62 ± 0.74 *† | 10.16 ± 0.37 *† | |
| 200 | 19.97 ± 0.77 *† | 48.23 ± 0.71 *† | 307.08 ± 0.62 *† | 9.10 ± 0.52 *† | |
| syringic acid | 50 | 16.46 ± 0.06 *† | 62.39 ± 0.30 *† | 382.63 ± 0.95 *† | 13.67 ± 0.08 *† |
| 100 | 15.17 ± 0.17 *† | 53.65 ± 0.44 *† | 366.19 ± 0.48 *† | 11.49 ± 0.23 *† | |
| 200 | 12.39 ± 0.53 *† | 41.25 ± 0.31 *† | 350.02 ± 0.36 *† | 10.42 ± 0.64 *† | |
| p-coumaric acid | 50 | 24.73 ± 0.46 *† | 60.18 ± 0.68 *† | 314.09 ± 0.43 *† | 11.44 ± 0.13 *† |
| 100 | 20.16 ± 0.38 *† | 54.03 ± 0.34 *† | 296.91 ± 0.84 *† | 9.97 ± 0.08 *† | |
| 200 | 15.69 ± 0.18 *† | 40.82 ± 0.08 *† | 289.92 ± 0.38 *† | 8.05 ± 0.61 *† | |
| ferulic acid | 50 | 8.28 ± 0.61 *† | 52.10 ± 0.24 *† | 312.14 ± 0.92 *† | 11.77 ± 0.19 *† |
| 100 | 7.39 ± 0.05 *† | 47.22 ± 0.56 *† | 297.96 ± 0.43 *† | 9.26 ± 0.46 *† | |
| 200 | 5.94 ± 0.23 *† | 41.69 ± 0.10 *† | 288.71 ± 0.55 *† | 8.10 ± 0.49 *† | |
| luteolin-7-O-glucoside | 50 | 23.17 ± 0.46 *† | 59.71 ± 0.26 *† | 319.37 ± 0.53 *† | 13.78 ± 0.10 *† |
| 100 | 21.55 ± 0.83 *† | 55.96 ± 0.09 *† | 302.74 ± 0.33 *† | 10.62 ± 0.41 *† | |
| 200 | 17.49 ± 0.09 *† | 39.28 ± 0.17 *† | 281.93 ± 0.42 *† | 9.11 ± 0.72 *† | |
| quercetin-3-O-glucoside | 50 | 7.82 ± 0.36 *† | 51.69 ± 0.44 *† | 304.03 ± 0.20 *† | 10.58 ± 0.04 *† |
| 100 | 6.99 ± 0.42 *† | 46.02 ± 0.13 *† | 296.37 ± 0.17 *† | 9.35 ± 0.50 *† | |
| 200 | 5.17 ± 0.07 *† | 40.33 ± 0.76 *† | 284.46 ± 0.66 *† | 6.43 ± 0.21 *† | |
| quercetin-3-O-rutinoside | 50 | 9.26 ± 0.18 *† | 53.10 ± 0.22 *† | 300.23 ± 0.44 *† | 12.77 ± 0.16 *† |
| 100 | 7.33 ± 0.17 *† | 48.47 ± 0.07 *† | 294.16 ± 0.62 *† | 9.16 ± 0.41 *† | |
| 200 | 5.70 ± 0.30 *† | 43.64 ± 0.39 *† | 280.15 ± 0.38 *† | 7.73 ± 0.06 *† | |
| rosmarinic acid | 50 | 5.71 ± 0.18 *† | 43.01 ± 0.30 *† | 297.55 ± 0.14 *† | 10.40 ± 0.31 *† |
| 100 | 4.42 ± 0.20 † | 35.12 ± 0.22 *† | 281.96 ± 0.35 *† | 8.04 ± 0.13 *† | |
| 200 | 4.13 ± 0.02 † | 32.64 ± 0.40 *† | 273.58 ± 0.31 † | 5.61 ± 0.23 *† | |
| quercitrin | 50 | 4.72 ± 0.31 † | 47.66 ± 0.38 *† | 299.48 ± 0.21 *† | 9.56 ± 0.29 *† |
| 100 | 4.25 ± 0.10 † | 40.19 ± 0.09 *† | 293.13 ± 0.84 *† | 6.28 ± 0.08 *† | |
| 200 | 4.10 ± 0.27 † | 38.62 ± 0.67 *† | 274.22 ± 0.34 † | 4.40 ± 0.40 † | |
| quercetin-3-O-glucoside | 50 | 7.82 ± 0.36 *† | 51.69 ± 0.44 *† | 304.03 ± 0.20 *† | 10.58 ± 0.04 *† |
| 100 | 6.99 ± 0.42 *† | 46.02 ± 0.13 *† | 296.37 ± 0.17 *† | 9.35 ± 0.50 *† | |
| 200 | 5.17 ± 0.07 *† | 40.33 ± 0.76 *† | 284.46 ± 0.66 *† | 6.43 ± 0.21 *† | |
| kaempferol-3-O-glucoside | 50 | 15.82 ± 0.09 *† | 61.22 ± 0.08 *† | 313.08 ± 0.54 *† | 11.60 ± 0.08 *† |
| 100 | 13.95 ± 0.20 *† | 53.18 ± 0.16 *† | 302.60 ± 0.97 *† | 10.35 ± 0.40 *† | |
| 200 | 10.61 ± 0.15 *† | 50.29 ± 0.23 *† | 290.53 ± 0.72 *† | 9.94 ± 0.31 *† | |
| quercetin | 50 | 6.28 ± 0.17 *† | 50.52 ± 0.24 *† | 317.37 ± 0.55 *† | 11.64 ± 0.30 *† |
| 100 | 5.14 ± 0.62 *† | 45.26 ± 0.61 *† | 300.56 ± 0.31 *† | 9.92 ± 0.07 *† | |
| 200 | 4.49 ± 0.43 † | 41.40 ± 0.38 *† | 291.74 ± 0.97 *† | 7.50 ± 0.46 *† | |
| luteolin | 50 | 25.18 ± 0.63 *† | 62.83 ± 0.49 *† | 325.74 ± 0.30 *† | 12.75 ± 0.32 *† |
| 100 | 22.79 ± 0.08 *† | 57.01 ± 0.37 *† | 299.41 ± 0.67 *† | 10.06 ± 0.42 *† | |
| 200 | 18.95 ± 0.84 *† | 49.46 ± 0.26 *† | 292.16 ± 0.11 *† | 9.14 ± 0.58 *† | |
| kaempferol | 50 | 15.82 ± 0.09 *† | 61.22 ± 0.08 *† | 313.08 ± 0.54 *† | 11.60 ± 0.08 *† |
| 100 | 13.95 ± 0.20 *† | 53.18 ± 0.16 *† | 302.60 ± 0.97 *† | 10.35 ± 0.40 *† | |
| 200 | 10.61 ± 0.15 *† | 50.29 ± 0.23 *† | 290.53 ± 0.72 *† | 9.94 ± 0.31 *† | |
| isorhamnetin | 50 | 14.74 ± 0.44 *† | 59.25 ± 0.67 *† | 294.30 ± 0.26 *† | 12.01 ± 0.18 *† |
| 100 | 11.62 ± 0.19 *† | 52.11 ± 0.91 *† | 291.62 ± 0.45 *† | 9.93 ± 0.06 *† | |
| 200 | 7.30 ± 0.07 *† | 44.08 ± 0.33 *† | 282.06 ± 0.36 *† | 8.01 ± 0.32 *† |
1 Values represent mean ± SEM from three independent experiments; n = 5 rats per group; * p < 0.05 when compared with the negative control group; † p < 0.05 when compared with the CCl4 control group.