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Transdermal diffusion (cumulative mass ng/cm2) of (1) caffeine in mechanically pretreated rat skins (A) and EpiDerm HRE tissues (MatTek) (B), and (2) quinidine in mechanically pretreated rat skins (C) and EpiDerm HRE tissues (MatTek) (D). The investigations were performed in a skin-on-a-chip microfluidic device. N = 3−4 for rat skins and N = 2−1 for EpiDerm human-reconstructed epidermis model.
