Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Aug 13;14(8):1689. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081689

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Accumulation of the two model drugs (caffeine and quinidine) in the skins and skin substitutes determined by Confocal Raman Spectroscopy. Caffeine penetration in mechanically pretreated rat skins (A) and in EpiDerm HRE tissues (MatTek) (B). Quinidine penetration in mechanically pretreated rat skins (C) and in EpiDerm HRE tissues (MatTek) (D). Four rat skins and 1-3 EpiDerm human-reconstructed epidermis were studied. N = 8–10 different z-profiling positions were applied for each individual sample.