Table 2.
Application of nanomicelles in delivering bioactive nutrients for disease therapy.
| Disease | Bioactives | Nanomicelle Formulation | Size (nm) | Cell Line or Animal Model | Possible Mechanism | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer | Quercetin | DSPE-PEG2000 | 13.21 ± 0.97 | Human prostate cancer cell line PC-3; PC-3 xenograft mouse model | Inhibit growth of cancer cells and suppress tumorigenesis and cancer progression | [113] |
| Quercetin | Mixed polymeric micelles obtained from Pluronic polymers, P123 and P407 | 24.83 ± 0.44 (A16); 26.37 ± 2.19 (A22) | SKOV-3 (ovarian), NCI/ADR (multidrug resistant), MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 (breast) cancer cells | [90] | ||
| Curcumin | Monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(3-caprolactone) (MPEG-PCL) micelles | 27.3 ± 1.3 | C-26 colon carcinoma cells; C-26 xenograft mouse model | Suppress proliferation of tumor cells, down-regulate transcription factors NF-kappa B, AP-1 and Egr-1; down-regulate growth factor receptors; and inhibit the activity of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, protein tyrosine kinases and protein serine/threonine kinases. | [118] | |
| Gambogic acid | Poloxamer 407/TPGS mixed micelles | 17.4 ± 0.5 | Breast cancer MCF-7 cells; multidrug-resistant NCI/ADR-RES cells | Induce apoptosis of tumor cells, depolymerize microtubule, and downregulate telomerase activity | [91] | |
| Osteoporosis | Resveratrol | mPEG-PLA co-polymeric nanomicelles | 52.87 ± 3.8 | Ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley female rats | Promote osteoblast-mediated bone formation and inhibit osteoclast-stimulated bone resorption via similar mechanisms to genistein | [88] |
| Obesity | Capsaicin | α-lactalbumin (α-lac) nanomicelles | 30.2 | 3T3-L1 adipocyte model | Promote the white adipose browning and suppress lipogenesis | [89] |
| Xanthohumol | Micellar Xantho-Flav-Solubilisate | - | Mouse model of obesity, diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease | Decrease adipogenesis and improve lipid and glucose metabolism in murine models of hyperlipidemia, obesity and T2DM | [134] | |
| Hepatic fibrosis | Hyaluronic acid | Hyaluronic acid micelles | 44.9 ± 2.1 | Rat model of liver fibrosis | Hyaluronic acid can specifically bind to CD44 receptors which are overexpressed in the liver when hepatic fibrosis occurs | [139] |