Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the study cohort—treatment applied before hospitalization.
| Variables, Units (N) (CAD/non-CAD) |
Low Risk (0–1) |
Medium Risk (2–3) |
High Risk (≥4) |
OMNIBUS p Value |
p Value (For Post Hoc Analysis) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n/N (% of Risk Category) |
n/N (% of Risk Category) |
n/N (% of Risk Category) |
||||||||
| CAD | Non-CAD | CAD | Non-CAD | CAD | Non-CAD | CAD | Non-CAD | CAD | Non-CAD | |
| Treatment Applied before Hospitalization | ||||||||||
|
ACEI (228/1955) |
1/12 (8.33%) |
115/1405 (8.19%) |
29/72 (40.28%) |
91/420 (21.67%) |
73/144 (50.69%) |
43/130 (33.08%) |
0.0109 | <0.0001 | 0.2096 a 0.0349 b 0.5797 c |
<0.0001 a,b 0.0341 c |
|
ARB (228/1955) |
0/12 (0%) |
76/1405 (5.41%) |
6/72 (8.33%) |
232/420 (7.62%) | 13/144 (9.03%) |
17/130 (13.08%) |
0.7769 | 0.0015 | N/A | 0.3519 a 0.0028 b 0.2494 c |
|
MRA (228/1955) |
0/12 (0%) |
18/1405 (1.28%) |
9/72 (12.5%) |
24/420 (5.71%) |
29/144 (20.14%) |
20/130 (15.38%) |
0.113 | <0.0001 | N/A | <0.0001 a,b 0.0038 c |
|
β-blocker (228/1955) |
3/12 (25.0%) |
194/1405 (13.81%) |
42/72 (58.33%) |
137/420 (32.62%) |
94/144 (65.28%) |
63/130 (48.46%) |
0.0203 | <0.0001 | 0.1727 a 0.0308 b 1.0 c |
<0.0001 a,b 0.0045 c |
|
Digitalis glycoside (228/1955) |
0/12 (0%) |
3/1405 (0.21%) |
1/72 (1.39%) |
5/420 (1.19%) |
4/144 (2.78%) |
6/130 (4.62%) |
0.7464 | <0.0001 | N/A | 0.0568 a <0.0001 b 0.0752 |
|
Calcium channel blocker (non- dihydropyridines) (228/1955) |
0/12 (0%) |
11/1405 (0.78%) |
2/72 (2.78%) |
11/420 (2.62%) |
5/144 (3.47%) |
9/130 (6.92%) |
1.0 | <0.0001 | N/A | 0.0238 a <0.0001 b 0.924 c |
|
Calcium channel blocker (dihydropyridines) (228/1955) |
0/12 (0%) |
103/1405 (7.33%) |
17/72 (23.61%) |
67/420 (15.95%) |
41/144 (28.47%) |
33/130 (25.38%) |
0.0707 | <0.0001 | N/A | <0.0001 a,b 0.0632 c |
|
α-adrenergic blocker (228/1955) |
0/12 (0%) |
45/1405 (3.20%) |
9/72 (12.5%) |
25/420 (5.95%) |
23/144 (15.97%) |
16/130 (12.31%) |
0.3087 | <0.0001 | N/A | 0.453 a <0.0001 b 0.0793 c |
|
Thiazide or thiazide-like diuretic (228/1955) |
0/12 (0%) |
68/1405 (4.84%) |
4/72 (5.56%) |
43/420 (10.24%) |
20/144 (13.89%) |
15/130 (11.54%) |
0.0915 | <0.0001 | N/A | 0.0003 a 0.0074 b 1.0 c |
|
Loop diuretic (228/1955) |
0/12 (0%) |
39/1405 (2.78%) |
13/72 (18.06%) |
52/420 (12.38%) |
48/144 (33.33%) |
33/130 (25.38%) |
0.0038 | <0.0001 | 0.5945 a 0.0554 b 0.0729 c |
<0.0001 a,b 0.0017 c |
|
Statin (228/1955) |
3/12 (25.0%) |
100/1405 (7.12%) |
39/72 (54.17%) |
82/420 (19.52%) |
88/144 (61.11%) |
38/130 (29.23%) |
0.0441 | <0.0001 | 0.357 a 0.0988 b 1.0 c |
<0.0001 a,b 0.0792 c |
|
Acetylsalicylic acid (228/1955) |
2/12 (16.67) |
79/1405 (5.62%) |
37/72 (51.39%) |
58/420 (13.81%) |
56/144 (38.89%) |
26/130 (20.0%) |
0.0419 | <0.0001 a | 0.1645 a 0.668 b 0.3266 c |
<0.0001 a,b 0.3457 c |
|
LMWH (228/1955) |
3/12 (25%) |
71/1405 (5.05%) |
5/72 (6.94%) |
36/420 (8.57%) |
19/144 (13.19%) |
7/130 (5.38%) |
0.1309 | 0.0255 | N/A | 0.0301 a 1.0 b 0.958 c |
|
VKA (228/1955) |
0/12 (0%) |
10/1405 (0.71% |
3/72 (4.17%) |
11/420 (2.62%) |
11/144 (7.64%) |
12/130 (9.23%) |
0.5573 | <0.0001 | N/A | 0.0092 a <0.0001 b 0.0121 c |
|
NOAC (228/1955) |
0/12 (0%) |
18/1405 (1.28%) |
7/72 (9.72%) |
30/420 (7.14%) |
33/144 (22.92%) |
19/130 (14.62%) |
0.013 | <0.0001 | 1.0 a 0.2151 b 0.0743 c |
<0.0001 a,b 0.0391 c |
|
Insulin (228/1955) |
1/12 (8.33%) |
61/1405 (4.34%) |
6/72 (8.33%) |
23/420 (5.48%) |
26/144 (18.06%) |
14/130 (10.77%) |
0.1454 | 0.0051 | N/A | 1.0 a 0.0071 b 0.1703 c |
|
Metformin (228/1955) |
2/12 (16.67%) |
102/1405 (7.26%) |
15/72 (20.83%) |
52/420 (12.38%) |
26/144 (18.06%) |
25/130 (19.23%) |
0.9147 | <0.0001 | N/A | 0.0039 a <0.0001 b 0.2052 c |
|
SGLT2 inhibitor (228/1955) |
0/12 (0%) |
11/1405 (0.78%) |
2/72 (2.78%) |
5/420 (1.19%) |
5/144 (3.48%) |
4/130 (3.08%) |
1.0 | 0.0446 | N/A | 1.0 a
0.0964 b 0.678 c |
|
Oral antidiabetics other than SGLT2 inh. and metformin (228/1955) |
0/12 (0%) |
27/1405 (1.92%) |
9/72 (12.5%) |
25/420 (5.95%) |
17/144 (11.81%) |
11/130 (8.46%) |
0.5948 | <0.0001 | 0.1727 a 0.0308 b 1.0 c |
0.0002 a 0.0005 b 0.9411 c |
|
Proton pump inhibitor (228/1955) |
3/12 (25.0%) |
86/1405 (6.12%) |
22/72 (30.56%) |
53/420 (12.62%) |
51/144 (35.42%) |
35/130 (26.92%) |
0.676 | <0.0001 | N/A | <0.0001 a,b 0.0005 c |
|
Oral corticosteroid (228/1955) |
0/12 (0%) |
62/1405 (4.41%) |
5/72 (6.94%) |
16/420 (4.52%) |
5/144 (3.47%) |
1/130 (0.77%) |
0.429 | 0.1303 | N/A | N/A |
|
Immunosuppression other than corticosteroid (228/1955) |
0/12 (0%) |
49/1405 (3.49%) |
10/72 (13.89%) |
12/420 (2.86%) |
2/144 (1.39%) |
0/130 (0%) |
0.0007 | 0.0502 | 1.0 a 1.0 b 0.0011 c |
0.291 a 0.0836 b 0.00753 c |
Categorized variables are presented as a number with a percentage. Information about the numbers with valid values is provided in the left column. Abbreviations: CAD—coronary artery disease, OMNIBUS—analysis of variance, N—valid measurements, n—number of patients with parameter above cut-off point, ACEI—angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ARBs—angiotensin receptor blockers, MRAs—mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, LMWH—low molecular weight heparin, VKA—vitamin K antagonists, NOAC—novel oral anticoagulants, SGLT2 inh.—sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors, N/A—non-applicable, a—low risk vs. medium risk, b—low risk vs. high risk, c—medium risk vs. high risk.