Table 3.
Patient-reported symptoms, vital signs and abnormalities measured during physical examination at hospital admission in the CAD and non-CAD study cohorts after C2HEST risk stratification.
| Variables, Units (N) (CAD/non-CAD) |
Low Risk (0–1) |
Medium Risk (2–3) |
High Risk (≥4) |
OMNIBUS p Value |
p Value (For Post Hoc Analysis) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Min–Max (N) or n/N (% of Risk Category) |
Min–Max (N) or n/N (% of Risk Category) |
Min–Max (N) or n/N (% of Risk Category) |
||||||||
| CAD | Non- CAD |
CAD | Non- CAD |
CAD | Non- CAD |
CAD | Non- CAD |
CAD | Non- CAD |
|
| Patient-Reported Symptoms | ||||||||||
|
Cough
(228/1955) |
0/12 (0%) |
455/1405 (32.38%) |
20/72 (27.78%) |
104/420 (24.76%) |
35/144 (24.31%) |
34/130 (26.15%) |
0.1035 | 0.0066 | N/A | 0.0107 a 0.5212 b 1.0 c |
|
Dyspnoea
(228/1955) |
2/12 (16.67%) |
567/1405 0.36%) |
29/72 (40.28%) |
177/420 (42.14%) |
76/144 (52.78%) |
70/130 (53.85%) |
0.0216 | 0.0113 | 0.6381 a 0.1063 b 0.3366 c |
1.0 a 0.0114 b 0.0746 c |
|
Chest pain
(228/1955) |
0/12 (0%) |
102/1405 (7.26%) |
8/72 (11.11%) |
26/420 (6.19%) |
17/144 (11.81%) |
10/130 (7.69%) |
0.6279 | 0.723 | N/A | N/A |
|
Hemoptysis
(228/1955) |
0/12 (0%) |
9/1405 (0.65%) |
0/72 (0%) |
2/420 (0.48%) |
4/144 (2.78%) |
0/130 (0%) |
0.44 | 1.0 | N/A | N/A |
|
Smell dysfunction
(228/1955) |
0/12 (0%) |
61/1405 (4.34%) |
3/72 (4.17%) |
7/420 (1.67%) |
4/144 (2.78%) |
1/130 (0.77%) |
0.7877 | 0.0056 | N/A | 0.035 a 0.1726 b 1.0 c |
|
Taste dysfunction
(228/1955) |
0/12 (0%) |
49/1405 (3.49%) |
3/72 (4.17%) |
7/420 (1.67%) |
4/144 (2.78%) |
3/130 (2.31%) |
0.7877 | 0.1482 | N/A | N/A |
|
Abdominal pain
(228/1955) |
0/12 (0%) |
103/1405 (7.33%) |
3/72 (4.17%) |
23/420 (5.48%) |
8/144 (5.56%) |
9/130 (6.92%) |
0.8668 | 0.421 | N/A | N/A |
|
Diarrhea
(228/1955) |
0/12 (0%) |
75/1405 (5.34%) |
7/72 (9.72%) |
26/420 (6.19%) |
7/144 (4.86%) |
112/130 (9.23%) |
0.3583 | 0.1758 | N/A | N/A |
|
Nausea/vomiting
(228/1955) |
0/12 (0%) |
57/1405 (4.06%) |
6/72 (8.33%) |
21/420 (5.0%) |
6/144 (4.17%) |
8/130 (6.15%) |
0.3055 | 0.4267 | N/A | N/A |
| Measured vital signs | ||||||||||
|
Body temperature
°C (115/1070) |
37.8 ± 1.98 36.4–39.2 (2) |
37.06 ± 0.88 34.4–40.5 (807) |
36.98 ± 0.98 35.2–40.0 (41) |
36.92 ± 0.9 35.0–40.0 (194) |
37.03 ± 0.83 35.9–37.2 (72) |
36.83 ± 0.89 35.2–40.0 (69) |
0.8629 | 0.025 | N/A | 0.102 a 0.102 b 0.782 c |
|
Heart rate
beats/minute (196/1476) |
94.14 ± 23.58 70–140 (7) |
86.35 ± 15.57 48–160 (1038) |
82.6 ± 14.43 60–140 (60) |
84.4 ± 16.83 50–160 (327) |
83.79 ± 17.96 50–170 (129) |
85.88 ± 19.73 36–150 (111) |
0.4613 | 0.1793 | N/A | N/A |
|
Respiratory rate breaths/minute
(23/285) |
12 ± 0.0 12–12 (1) |
18.38 ± 5.77 12–50 (203) |
18.54 ± 4.63 12–30 (13) |
18.69 ± 5.66 12–45 (55) |
18.53 ± 4.25 12–30 (19) |
19.85 ± 7.13 12–50 (27) |
N/A | 0.5836 | N/A | N/A |
|
Systolic BP
(196/1473) |
130.43 ± 16.3 108–150 (7) |
130.72 ± 21.3 60–240 (1033) |
134.63 ± 23.9 90–200 (59) |
134.17 ± 25.7 50–270 (326) |
133.97 ± 23.7 85–200 (130) |
135.11 ± 25.9 70–210 (114) |
0.8376 | 0.0301 | N/A | 0.072 a 0.192 b 0.941 c |
|
Diastolic BP
(196/1465) |
85.0 ± 7.35 75–97 (7) |
78.5 ± 12.7 40–150 (1030) |
78.83 ± 13.61 45–112 (59) |
77.91 ± 13.69 40–157 (321) |
75.04 ± 14.03 45–82.75 (130) |
76.61 ± 16.65 40–143 (114) |
0.0114 | 0.4284 | 0.19 a 0.025 b 0.188 c |
N/A |
|
SpO2 on room air, % (FiO2 = 21%)
(129/1133) |
89.43 ± 6.8 80–99 (7) |
92.87 ± 7.13 48–100 (807) |
92.63 ± 4.68 81–99 (41) |
89.19 ± 10.17 50–100 (240) |
90.78 ± 7.92 60–99 (81) |
89.6 ± 9.1 50–99 (86) |
0.2165 | <0.0001 | N/A | <0.0001 a 0.005 b 0.935 c |
| Abnormalities detected during physical examination | ||||||||||
|
Crackles
(228/1955) |
1/12 (8.33%) |
153/1405 (10.89%) |
17/72 (23.61%) |
82/420 (19.52%) |
37/144 (25.69%) |
29/130 (22.31%) |
0.4817 | <0.0001 | N/A | <0.000 a 0.0006 b 1.0 c |
|
Wheezing
(228/1955) |
1/12 (8.33%) |
93/1405 (6.62%) |
8/72 (11.11%) |
48/420 (11.43%) |
42/144 (29.17%) |
27/130 (20.77%) |
0.0046 | <0.0001 | 1.0 a 0.5439 b 0.01 c |
0.0052 a <0.0001 b 0.0309 c |
|
Pulmonary congestion
(228/1955) |
1/12 (8.33%) |
183/1405 (13.02%) |
15/72 (20.83%) |
90/420 (21.43%) |
37/144 (25.69%) |
41/130 (31.54%) |
0.3884 | <0.0001 | N/A | <0.0001 a,b 0.0739 c |
|
Peripheral edema
(228/1955) |
1/12 (8.33%) |
75/1405 (5.34%) |
10/72 (13.89%) |
50/420 (11.91%) |
30/144 (20.83%) |
23/130 (17.69%) |
0.4135 | <0.0001 | N/A | <0.0001 a,b 0.3621 c |
Continuous variables are presented as: mean ± SD, range (minimum–maximum) and number of non-missing values. Categorized variables are presented as a number with a percentage. Information about the numbers with valid values is provided in the left column. Abbreviations: SD—standard deviation, CAD—coronary artery disease, OMNIBUS—analysis of variance, N—valid measurements, n—number of patients with parameter above cut-off point, SBP—systolic blood pressure, DBP—diastolic blood pressure, a—low risk vs. medium risk, b—low risk vs. high risk, c—medium risk vs. high risk.