Table 4.
Laboratory parameters measured during hospitalization in the studied cohort.
|
Parameter (N) (CAD/ Non-CAD) |
Time of Assessment |
Units | Low Risk (0–1) |
Medium Risk (2–3) |
High Risk (≥4) |
OMNIBUS p Value |
p Value (For Post Hoc Analysis) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD Min–Ma x(N) or n/N (% of Risk Category) |
Mean ± SD Min–Ma x(N) or n/N (% of Risk Category) |
Mean ± SD Min–Ma x(N) or n/N (% of Risk Category) |
||||||||||
| CAD | Non- CAD |
CAD | Non- CAD |
CAD | Non- CAD |
CAD | Non-CAD | CAD | Non- CAD |
|||
| Complete Blood Count (CBC) | ||||||||||||
|
Leucocytes (226/1822) |
On admission | ×103/µL | 6.93 ± 4.59 0.51–16.7 (12) |
9.0 ± 12.39 0.67–304.02 (1289) |
7.71 ± 3.49 1.24–20.53 (71) |
9.64 ± 12.34 0.51–215.97 (409) |
9.42 ± 8.97 1.83–10.91 (143) |
9.12 ± 6.7 1.19–58.49 (124) |
0.1152 | 0.6638 | N/A | N/A |
|
Hemoglobin (226/1822) |
On admission | g/dL | 12.25 ± 3.35 4.9–18 (12) |
13.28 ± 2.13 3.9–20.3 (1289) |
12.55 ± 2.43 6.8–17.0 (71) |
12.57 ± 2.3 4.5–18.9 (409) |
11.84 ± 2.41 5.3–18.8 (143) |
12.09 ± 2.56 5.3–17.9 (124) |
0.1566 | <0.0001 | N/A | <0.0001 a,b 0.153 c |
|
Platelets (226/1822) |
On admission | ×103/µL | 186.92 ± 8.08 58.0–326.0 (12) |
236.09 ± 108.6 0–1356.0 (1289) |
225.61 ± 121.3 16–735 (71) |
230.85 ± 112.7 3.0–740.0 (409) |
204.18 ± 81.0 8.0–243.5 (143) |
232.7 ± 103.45 15.0–578 (124) |
0.314 | 0.6934 | N/A | N/A |
| Acid–base balance in arterial blood gas | ||||||||||||
|
pH (56/220) |
On admission | 7.39 ± 0.12 7.26–7.49 (3) |
7.43 ± 0.08 7.04–7.58 (118) |
7.43 ± 0.05 7.35–7.51 (14) |
7.43 ± 0.07 7.1–7.54 (74) |
7.42 ± 0.07 7.26–7.54 (39) |
7.4 ± 0.08 7.09–7.52 (28) |
0.7113 | 0.2784 | N/A | N/A | |
|
PaO2 (56/220) |
On admission | 80.67 ± 2.56 78–83.1 (3) |
72.04 ± 27.6 12.8–100.0 (118) |
76.52 ± 19.84 45.4–100.0 (14) |
76.28 ± 51.32 28.3–100.0 (74) |
66.23 ± 30.97 23.7–100.0 (39) |
76.68 ± 38.78 32.8–100.0 (28) |
0.0316 | 0.7092 | 0.737 a 0.022 b 0.343 c |
N/A | |
|
PaCO2 (56/220) |
On admission | 30.93 ± 2.6 28.4–33.6 (3) |
38.2 ± 10.33 20.2–82.4 (118) |
32.89 ± 6.05 20.9–46.5 (14) |
37.37 ± 9.8 23.0–79.4 (74) |
39.2 ± 11.98 19.7–88.4 (39) |
37.87 ± 9.44 25.0–74.9 (28) |
0.0193 | 0.858 | 0.663 a 0.014 b 0.04 c |
N/A | |
|
HCO3− standard (56/216) |
On admission | mmol/L | 20.23 ± 4.45 15.1–23.6 (3) |
25.03 ± 3.68 12.1–32.9 (117) |
23.05 ± 4.08 15.9–31.8 (14) |
24.63 ± 4.19 14.3–39.5 (71) |
24.64 ± 4.56 17.0–38.6 (39) |
23.47 ± 4.58 13.5–31.7 (28) |
0.2826 | 0.2431 | N/A | N/A |
|
Lactates (53/192) |
On admission | 2.23 ± 0.85 1.6–3.2 (3) |
2.46 ± 1.62 0.6–12.8 (102) |
2.26 ± 0.74 1.2–3.8 (13) |
21.97 ± 0.88 0.5–5.7 (66) |
2.46 ± 1.37 0.8–5.9 (37) |
2.6 ± 2.39 0.6–12.0 (24) |
0.8139 | 0.0319 | N/A | 0.031 a 0.963 b 0.433 c |
|
| Electrolytes, inflammatory and iron biomarkers | ||||||||||||
|
Na+ (225/1805) |
On admission | mmol/L | 137.17 ± 4.9 128–146 (12) |
138.27 ± 4.35 106.0–159.0 (1276) |
136.41 ± 4.98 121–151 (70) |
137.97 ± 7.27 101.0–175.0 (405) |
137.79 ± 5.59 119–163 (143) |
138.08 ± 8.06 108.0–174.0 (124) |
0.2145 | 0.709 | N/A | N/A |
|
K+ (225/1812) |
On admission | mmol/L | 4.27 ± 0.62 3.29–5.7 (12) |
4.06 ± 0.58 2.0–7.5 (1281) |
4.14 ± 0.76 2.42 ± 7.03 (70) |
4.14 ± 0.69 2.4–6.8 (407) |
4.38 ± 0.89 2.97–8.7 (143) |
4.19 ± 0.73 2.53–6.9 (124) |
0.1606 | 0.0293 | N/A | 0.115 a 0.119 b 0.707 c |
|
CRP (225/1793) |
On admission | mg/L | 70.75 ± 75.51 0.32–207.32 (12) |
76.52 ± 84.59 0.13–531.58 (1262) |
77.9 ± 70.03 0.75–293.49 (70) |
84.1 ± 89.21 0.29–538.55 (407) |
80.12 ± 88.44 0.4–390.94 (143) |
72.11 ± 72.35 0.4–365.22 (124) |
0.9163 | 0.2163 | N/A | N/A |
| On discharge | 92.64 ± 124.21 0.32–418.16 (12) |
44.84 ± 78.56 0.13–496.98 (1262) |
71.94 ± 106.15 0.22–447.61 (70) |
72.72 ± 92.46 0.25–538.55 (407) |
82.67 ± 92.23 0.4–431.9 (143) |
63.7 ± 78.51 0.42–365.22 (124) |
0.7315 | <0.0001 | N/A | <0.0001 a 0.084 b 0.532 c |
||
|
Procalcitonin (179/1294) |
On admission | ng/mL |
0.64 ± 0.9 0.03–2.61 (7) |
0.84 ± 4.49 0.01–61.28 (911) |
0.92 ± 2.59 0.02–14.84 (56) |
2.01 ± 13.09 0.01–196.04 (288) |
1.71 ± 5.9 0.01–49.83 (116) |
1.2 ± 6.37 0.01–60.77 (95) |
0.2649 | 0.2995 | N/A | N/A |
|
IL-6 (68/633) |
On admission | pg/mL |
37.93 ± 16.7 20.1–53.2 (3) |
61.44 ± 425.64 2.0–9099.0 (477) |
73.5 ± 101.87 3.02–499 (25) |
36.79 ± 50.49 2.0–398.0 (118) |
69.8 ± 95.29 2.0–369 (40) |
54.56 ± 96.68 2.0–421.0 (38) |
0.13.02 | 0.2889 | N/A | N/A |
|
D-dimer (176/1402) |
On admission | µg/mL |
8.97 ± 23.93 0.41–80.91 (11) |
3.67 ± 12.0 0.15–132.82 (991) |
5.41 ± 17.27 0.29–95.86 (57) |
6.69 ± 16.68 0.2–127.24 (316) |
7.01 ± 21.08 0.22–128.0 (108) |
3.62 ± 11.41 0.24–107.54 (95) |
0.8225 | 0.012 | N/A | 0.009 a 0.999 b 0.104 c |
|
INR (213/1710) |
On admission | 1.09 ± 0.11 0.97–1.33 (12) |
1.14 ± 0.48 0.82–15.2 (1215) |
1.19 ± 0.21 0.96–1.89 (67) |
1.27 ± 0.64 0.87–7.8 (378) |
1.8 ± 2.59 0.9–21.1 (134) |
1.75 ± 2.27 0.89–18.74 (117) |
0.0017 | <0.0001 | 0.055a 0.005b 0.02c |
0.0006 a 0.011 b 0.065 c |
|
|
aPTT (207/1659) |
On admission | >60 s | 1/12 (8.33%) |
27/1179 (2.29%) |
0/66 (0%) |
7/365 (1.92%) |
6/129 (4.65%) |
5/115 (4.35%) |
0.0879 | 0.2943 | N/A | N/A |
| Biochemistry | ||||||||||||
|
Glucose (211/1547) |
On admission | mg/dL | 134.33 ± 59.96 83–307 (12) |
134.85 ± 75.07 28.0–933.0 (1051) |
174.7 ± 108.24 63–554 (64) |
147.21 ± 28.53 47.0–1026 (385) |
153.33 ± 107.47 37–1064 (135) |
147.31 ± 87.18 49.0–685.0 (111) |
0.1884 | 0.0278 | N/A | 0.04 a 0.319 b 1.0 c |
|
HbA1c (50/213) |
On admission | % | 7.4 ± 0 7.4–7.4 (1) |
7.61 ± 2.32 4.2–14.9 (126) |
7.89 ± 2.61 5.6–16.6 (17) |
7.44 ± 2.06 4.8–14.9 (58) |
7.56 ± 1.93 5.1–13.7 (32) |
6.94 ± 1.54 5.3–11.4 (29) |
N/A. | 0.1712 | N/A. | N/A |
|
Urea (217/1640) |
On admission | mg/dL | 60.58 ± 42.36 30–179 (12) |
42.65 ± 35.86 5.0–307.0 (1133) |
62.46 ± 48.71 17–271 (67) |
63.78 ± 49.67 8.0–353.0 (388) |
76.67 ± 57.07 17–369 (138) |
77.92 ± 49.74 12.0–256.0 (119) |
0.1519 | <0.0001 | N/A | <0.0001 a,b 0.033 c |
|
Creatinine (225/1736) |
On admission | 2.0 ± 2.84 0.51–10.84 (12) |
1.14 ± 1.15 0.26–14.87 (1204) |
1.93 ± 2.02 0.58–12.66 (70) |
1.37 ± 1.12 0.48–9.56 (408) |
1.91 ± 1.63 0.46–11.3 (143) |
1.7 ± 1.53 0.44–9.49 (124) |
0.9915 | <0.0001 | N/A | 0.001 a 0.0004 b 0.074 c |
|
| On discharge | 1.05 ± 0.41 0.55–2.06 (12) |
1.08 ± 1.06 0.26–14.87 (1204) |
1.97 ± 2.21 0.43–12.35 (70) |
1.34 ± 1.13 0.45–9.09 (408) |
1.79 ± 1.44 0.43–8.24 (143) |
1.51 ± 1.4 0.43–9.27 (124) |
<0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.006a 0.0002b 0.871 c |
<0.0001 a 0.003 b 0.455 c |
||
|
eGFR (225/1731) |
On admission | ml/min/1.73 m2 | 75.33 ± 46.57 5.0–170.0 (12) |
85.11 ± 34.19 0–433.0 (1199) |
60.4 ± 33.5 4.0–149.0 (70) |
62.29 ± 27.91 4–137.0 (408) |
52.52 ± 30.09 5.0–180.0 (143) |
52.66 ± 28.92 5.0–145.0 (124) |
0.1024 | <0.0001 | N/A | <0.0001 a,b 0.004 c |
| On discharge | 86.5 ± 36.14 26.0–156.0 (12) |
89.37 ± 34.73 0–433.0 (1199) |
65.84 ± 38.38 4.0–208.0 (70) |
65.37 ± 29.56 4.0–172.0 (408) |
56.97 ± 34.53 5.0–209.0 (143) |
60.07 ± 31.49 5.0–183.0 (124) |
0.0209 | <0.0001 | 0.198a 0.043b 0.234c |
<0.0001 a,b 0.222 c |
||
|
Total protein (96/510) |
On admission | g/L | 5.17 ± 1.23 3.8–6.3 (3) |
6.07 ± 0.84 3.5–8.2 (328) |
6.25 ± 0.96 4.3–9.5 (24) |
5.88 ± 0.9 3.6–8.7 (128) |
5.84 ± 0.8 3.6–8.2 (69) |
5.61 ± 0.95 3.3–8.1 (54) |
0.2224 | 0.0017 | N/A | 0.098 a 0.004 b 0.186 c |
|
Albumin (110/553) |
On admission | g/L | 3.0 ± 0.2 2.8–3.2 (3) |
3.17 ± 0.6 1.5–5.1 (371) |
3.23 ± 0.52 2.1–4.4 (32) |
3.07 ± 0.56 1.1–4.3 (128) |
3.08 ± 0.57 1.7–4.9 (75) |
2.82 ± 0.63 0.7–3.9 (54) |
0.3433 | 0.0006 | N/A | 0.231 a 0.0008 b 0.032 c |
|
AST (178/1263) |
On admission | IU/L | 46.29 ± 40.36 12–124 (7) |
60.24 ± 114.4 5.0–2405.0 (876) |
61.11 ± 56.3 7–260 (57) |
67.56 ± 281.4 8.0–4776.0 (290) |
84.99 ± 365.37 10–3866 (114) |
88.15 ± 271.86 8.0–2518.0 (97) |
0.5289 | 0.5613 | N/A | N/A |
|
ALT (193/1395) |
On admission | IU/L | 62.1 ± 64.15 15–236 (10) |
54.85 ± 93.11 4.0–1411.0 (962) |
44.71 ± 38.95 4–193 (63) |
49.87 ± 206.79 5.0–3700.0 (328) |
45.28 ± 133.71 8–1361 (120) |
58.43 ± 154.44 5.0–1315.0 (105) |
0.7162 | 0.8697 | N/A | N/A |
|
LDH (141/1090) |
On admission | U/L | 345.67 ± 169.25 123.0–575.0 (6) |
430.64 ± 379.34 50.0–7100.0 (770) |
445.65 ± 255.92 119–1172.0 (46) |
380.85 ± 188.63 44.0–1357.0 (240) |
400.87 ± 258.01 71.0–1863.0 (89) |
487.93 ± 1035.15 106.0–9505.0 (80) |
0.4289 | 0.0208 | N/A | 0.018 a 0.876 b 0.629 c |
| Cardiac biomarkers | ||||||||||||
|
NT-proBNP (80/299) |
On admission | ng/mL | 917.1 ± 0 917.1–917.1 (1) |
1894.45± 7801.53 12.0–70,000.0 (171) |
12,180.61 ± 20,072.57 290–70,000 (15) |
7893.21 ± 13,570.58 18.2–70,000.0 (94) |
15,093.74 ± 20,598.65 391.3–70,000 (64) |
12,292.06 ± 15,896.88 119.6–68,915.1 (34) |
N/A | <0.0001 | N/A | 0.0004 a 0.002 b 0.331 c |
|
Troponin I (159/1015) |
On admission | 180.8 ± 219.75 8.1–542.5 (8) |
136.11 ± 812.42 0–11,758.2 (670) |
4399.36 ± 20,128.72 2.4–125,592.6 (44) |
1252.73 ± 9482.42 1.0–109,359.5 (261) |
898.68 ± 2864.92 3.9–21,022.9 (107) |
587.21 ± 2311.75 3.3–18,309.3 (84) |
0.0215 | 0.0376 | 0.355a 0.037b 0.49c |
0.141 a 0.184 b 0.551 c |
|
| ≤3-fold upper range K 46.8 M 102.6 |
5/8 (62.5%) |
560/670 (83.58%) |
33/44 (75.0%) |
176/261 (67.43%) |
65/107 (60.75%) |
46/84 (54.76%) |
0.2519 | <0.0001 | N/A | <0.0001 a,b 0.1438c |
||
| >3-fold upper range K 46.8 M 102.6 |
3/8 (37.5%) |
110/670 (16.42%) |
11/44 (25.0%) |
85/261 (32.57%) |
42/107 (39.25%) |
38/84 (45.24%) |
||||||
| On discharge | 184.61 ± 227.67 8.1–542.5 (8) |
116.05 ± 831.78 0.2–12,391.6 (670) |
1662.07 ± 6227.21 2.6–36,541.1 (44) |
1898.37 ± 14,149.34 0.8–174,652.6 (261) |
825.42 ± 3224.71 3.9–29,828.3 (107) |
455.98 ± 2095.43 1.8–18,309.3 (84) |
0.0493 | 0.0465 | 0.27 a 0.119 b 0.676 c |
0.106 a 0.309 b 0.25 c |
||
|
LDL-cholesterol (76/373) |
mg/dL | 70.33 ± 30.09 51–105 (3) |
100.46 ± 51.02 6.0–510.0 (229) |
73.12 ± 33.82 17–143 (26) |
90.7 ± 41.52 23.0–230.0 (103) |
69.57 ± 45.91 6.0–210.0 (47) |
80.88 ± 37.36 14.0–187.0 (41) |
0.9378 | 0.0113 | 0.52 a 0.019 b 0.219 c |
0.159 a 0.013 b 0.357 c |
|
|
HDL-cholesterol (73/378) |
mg/dL | 31.33 ± 11.02 24–44 (3) |
40.09 ± 16.12 2.0–120.0 (233) |
35.12 ± 11.02 16–56 (25) |
41.4 ± 16.05 7.0–110.0 (104) |
37.04 ± 15.52 17–79.0 (45) |
37.39 ± 14.56 8.0–72.0 (41) |
0.6916 | 0.3563 | N/A | N/A | |
|
Triglycerides (104/535) |
mg/dL | 90.5 ± 0.71 90–91 (2) |
179.56 ± 124.26 40.0–1100.0 (357) |
153.53 ± 104.59 61–550 (34) |
142.09 ± 94.45 48.0–595.0 (130) |
129.6 ± 66.52 46–413 (68) |
128.63 ± 54.86 51.0–282.0 (48) |
<0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.004 a <0.0001 b 0.45 c |
0.001 a <0.0001 b 0.47 c |
|
| Hormones | ||||||||||||
|
TSH (114/706) |
mIU/L | 2.23 ± 3.22 0.28–5.94 (3) |
1.34 ± 1.52 0–18.6 (438) |
1.53 ± 1.92 0.01–10.26 (38) |
1.56 ± 2.56 0.01–28.81 (194) |
1.5 ± 1.63 0–11.16 (73) |
2.86 ± 5.27 0–38.24 (74) |
0.9333 | 0.0317 | N/A | 0.511 a 0.042 b 0.109 c |
|
Continuous variables are presented as: mean ± SD range (minimum–maximum) and number of non-missing values. Categorized variables are presented as a number with a percentage. Information about the numbers with valid values is provided in the left column. Abbreviations: CAD—coronary artery disease, OMNIBUS—analysis of variance, N—valid measurements, n—number of patients with parameter above cut-off point, SD—standard deviation, N/A—non-applicable, a—low risk vs. medium risk, b—low risk vs. high risk, c—medium risk vs. high risk.