Table 14.
Clinical non-fatal events and hospitalization outcomes in the C2HEST risk strata in CAD and non-CAD cohorts.
| Variables, Units (N) (CAD/non-CAD) |
Low Risk (0–1) |
Medium Risk (2–3) |
High Risk (≥4) |
OMNIBUS p Value |
p Value (For Post Hoc Analysis) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD Min–Ma x(N) or n/N (% of Risk Category) |
Mean ± SD Min–Ma x(N) or n/N (% of Risk Category) |
Mean ± SD Min–Ma x(N) or n/N (% of Risk Category) |
||||||||
| CAD | Non-CAD | CAD | Non-CAD | CAD | Non-CAD | CAD | Non-CAD | CAD | Non-CAD | |
| Hospitalization | ||||||||||
|
Duration of hospitalization, days (228/1955) |
6.67 ± 5.43 1–16 (12) |
11.53 ± 13.7 1–131 (1405) |
13.86 ± 13.32 1–69 (72) |
13.06 ± 13.66 1–124 (420) |
15.39 ± 15.52 1–121 (144) |
16.85 ± 16.29 1–87 (130) |
0.0003 | 0.0005 | 0.007 a 0.0005 b 0.733 c |
0.109 a 0.001 b 0.045 c |
|
Admission to ICU (228/1955) |
1/12 (8.33%) |
149/1405 (10.61%) |
11/72 (15.28%) |
27/420 (6.43%) |
19/144 (13.19%) |
8/130 (6.15%) |
0.8945 | 0.0154 | N/A | 0.043 a 0.440 b 1.0 c |
|
End of hospitalization death (228/1955) Discharge to home—full recovery Transfer to another hospital—worsening Transfer to another hospital—in recovery |
4/12 (33.33%) 3/12 (25.0%) 3/12 (25.0%) 2/12 (16.67%) |
115/1405 (8.18%) 990/1405 (70.46%) 136/1405 (9.68%) 164/1405 (11.67%) |
15/72 (20.83%) 40/72 (55.56%) 29/72 (12.5%) 8/72 (11.11%) |
95/420 (22.62%) 180/420 (42.86%) 788/420 (20.95%) 57/420 (13.57%) |
62/144 (43.06%) 45/144 (31.25%) 20/144 (13.89%) 17/144 (11.81%) |
35/130 (25.92%) 58/130 (44.62%) 24/130 (18.46%) 13/130 (10.0%) |
0.0076 | <0.0001 | 0.5166 a 1.0 b 0.0082 c |
<0.0001 a,b 1.0 c |
|
Aborted cardiac arrest (228/1955) |
1/12 (8.33%) |
14/1405 (0.99%) |
1/72 (1.39%) |
2/420 (0.48%) |
4/144 (2.78%) |
2/130 (1.53%) |
0.3288 | 0.4044 | N/A | N/A |
|
Shock (228/1955) |
0/12 (0%) |
108/1405 (7.69%) |
9/72 (12.5%) |
37/420 (8.81%) |
19/144 (13.19%) |
14/130 (10.77%) |
0.5706 | 0.3984 | N/A | N/A |
|
Hypovolemic shock (228/1955) |
0/12 (0%) |
22/1405 (1.57%) |
0/72 (0%) |
7/420 (1.67%) |
0/144 (0%) |
6/130 (4.62%) |
<0.0001 | 0.0574 | <0.0001 a,b,c | N/A |
|
Cardiogenic shock (228/1955) |
0/12 (0%) |
7/1405 (0.5%) |
2/72 (2.78%) |
9/420 (2.14%) |
9/144 (6.25%) |
5/130 (3.85%) |
0.5501 | 0.0002 | N/A | 0.012 a 0.0059 b 1.0 c |
|
Septic shock (228/1955) |
0/12 (0%) |
88/1405 (6.26%) |
6/72 (8.33%) |
24/420 (5.71%) |
16/144 (11.11%) |
6/130 (4.62%) |
0.6393 | 0.7163 | N/A | N/A |
|
Pulmonary embolism (228/1955) |
0/12 (0%) |
78/1405 (5.55%) |
1/72 (1.39%) |
27/420 (6.43%) |
8/144 (5.55%) |
7/130 (5.38%) |
0.6343 | 0.931 | N/A | N/A |
|
Myocardial infarction (228/1955) |
0/12 (0%) |
8/1405 (0.57%) |
2/72 (2.78%) |
8/420 (1.9%) |
5/144 (3.47%) |
3/130 (2.31%) |
1.0 | 0.0096 | N/A | 0.0487 a 0.1775 b 1.0 c |
|
Myocardial injury (159/1015) |
3/8 (37.5%) |
110/670 (16.42%) |
13/44 (29.55%) |
85/261 (32.57%) |
49/107 (45.79%) |
38/84 (45.24%) |
0.1696 | <0.0001 | N/A | <0.0001 a,b 0.1438 c |
|
Acute heart failure (228/1955) |
1/12 (8.33%) |
7/1405 (0.5%) |
0/72 (0%) |
22/420 (5.24%) |
27/144 (18.75%) |
19/130 (14.62%) |
<0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.4286 a 1.0 b <0.0001 c |
<0.0001 a,b 0.0027 c |
|
Stroke/TIA (228/1955) |
0/12 (0%) |
18/1405 (1.28%) |
3/72 (4.17%) |
16/420 (3.81%) |
4/144 (2.78%) |
3/130 (2.31%) |
0.7877 | 0.004 | N/A | 0.0052 a 1.0 b,c |
|
New cognitive disorders (228/1955) |
0/12 (0%) |
38/1405 (2.7%) |
3/72 (4.17%) |
48/420 (11.43%) |
17/144 (11.81%) |
15/130 (11.54%) |
0.1059 | <0.0001 | N/A | <0.0001 a,b 1.0 c |
|
Pneumonia (228/1955) |
5/12 (41.67%) |
670/1405 (48.19%) |
39/72 (54.17%) |
266/420 (63.33%) |
99/144 (68.75%) |
87/130 (66.92%) |
0.0358 | <0.0001 | 1.0 a 0.3187 b 0.1 c |
<0.0001 a 0.0002 b 1.0 c |
|
Complete respiratory failure (56/220) |
1/3 (33.33%) |
56/118 (47.46%) |
7/14 (50.0%) |
39/74 (52.7%) |
30/39 (76.92%) |
13/28 (46.43%) |
0.0824 | 0.7439 | N/A | N/A |
|
SIRS (228/1886) |
2/12 (16.67%) |
140/1340 (10.45%) | 4/72 (5.56%) |
38/417 (9.11%) |
19/144 (13.19%) |
17/129 (13.18%) |
0.1331 | 0.4035 | N/A | N/A |
|
Sepsis (91/793) |
0/2 (0%) |
9/574 (1.57%) |
1/28 (3.57%) |
6/155 (3.87%) |
2/61 (3.28%) |
5/64 (7.81%) |
1.0 | 0.0077 | N/A | 0.3098 a 0.0256 b 0.9164 c |
|
Acute kidney injury (228/1955) |
0/12 (0%) |
110/1405 (7.83%) |
13/72 (18.06%) |
54/420 (12.86%) |
38/144 (26.39%) |
21/130 (16.15%) |
0.053 | 0.0002 | N/A | 0.0065 a 0.0061 b 1.0 c |
|
Acute liver dysfunction (216/1758) |
0/12 (0%) |
30/1244 (2.41%) |
2/68 (2.94%) |
20/397 (5.04%) |
9/136 (6.62%) |
5/117 (4.27%) |
0.4767 | 0.0221 | N/A | 0.03423 a 0.6518 b 1.0 c |
|
MODS (228/1955) |
0/12 (0%) |
21/1405 (1.49%) |
1/72 (1.39%) |
7/420 (1.67%) |
5/144 (3.47%) |
3/130 (2.31%) |
0.7595 | 0.6267 | N/A | N/A |
|
Lactic acidosis (53/192) |
1/3 (33.33%) |
8/102 (7.85%) |
0/13 (0%) |
5/66 (7.58%) |
6/37 (16.22%) |
2/24 (8.33%) |
0.1835 | 1.0 | N/A | N/A |
|
Bleedings (228/1955) |
0/12 (0%) |
64/1405 (4.56%) |
5/72 (6.94%) |
20/420 (4.76% |
12/144 (8.33%) |
13/130 (10.0%) |
0.8366 | 0.0232 | N/A | 1.0 a 0.0361 b 0.141 c |
Continuous variables are presented as: mean ± SD, range (minimum–maximum) and number of non-missing values. Categorized variables are presented as a number with a percentage. Information about the numbers with valid values is provided in the left column. Abbreviations: CAD—coronary artery disease, OMNIBUS—analysis of variance, N—valid measurements, n—number of patients with parameter above cut-off point, SD—standard deviation, ICU—intensive care unit, TIA—transient ischemic attack, SIRS—systemic inflammatory response syndrome, MODS—multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, N/A—non-applicable, a—low risk vs. medium risk, b—low risk vs. high risk, c—medium risk vs. high risk.