Table 2.
Odds of hypertension (defined as either systolic or diastolic blood pressure over 140/90) by daily legume intake percentile: multivariate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).
| Percentile (g/day) | Unadjusted Model | Model A | Model B | Model C | Model D | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| 3rd (1.84) | 1.47 ** | 1.12, 1.91 | 1.34 * | 1.02, 1.77 | 1.33 * | 1.01, 1.76 | 1.34 * | 1.01, 1.77 | 1.36 * | 1.03, 1.80 |
| 5th (3.15) | 1.43 *** | 1.16, 1.77 | 1.33 * | 1.07, 1.65 | 1.32 * | 1.06, 1.65 | 1.34 ** | 1.08, 1.68 | 1.37 ** | 1.10, 1.71 |
| 10th (4.14) | 1.11 | 0.96, 1.29 | 1.02 | 0.88, 1.20 | 1.04 | 0.88, 1.21 | 1.04 | 0.89, 1.22 | 1.05 | 0.90, 1.24 |
| 50th (13.8) | 0.96 | 0.87, 1.05 | 1.02 | 0.92, 1.12 | 1.00 | 0.91, 1.11 | 1.01 | 0.91, 1.12 | 1.00 | 0.90, 1.10 |
| 90th (33.9) | 0.84 * | 0.72, 0.99 | 0.956 | 0.81, 1.12 | 0.95 | 0.80, 1.12 | 0.95 | 0.80, 1.12 | 0.93 | 0.79, 1.10 |
| 95th (45.2) | 0.83 | 0.67, 1.04 | 0.94 | 0.75, 1.18 | 0.92 | 0.73, 1.16 | 0.94 | 0.75, 1.19 | 0.93 | 0.74, 1.17 |
| 97th (56.6) | 0.65 ** | 0.49, 0.87 | 0.72 * | 0.54, 0.97 | 0.69 * | 0.52, 0.94 | 0.72 * | 0.53, 0.97 | 0.71 * | 0.52, 0.96 |
| Men | ||||||||||
| 3rd (2.55) | 1.66 * | 1.12, 2.47 | 1.53 * | 1.01, 2.30 | 1.43 | 0.94, 2.16 | 1.38 | 0.91, 2.09 | 1.42 | 0.94, 2.17 |
| 5th (3.49) | 1.26 | 0.93, 1.70 | 1.15 | 0.84, 1.57 | 1.08 | 0.79, 1.49 | 1.06 | 0.77, 1.46 | 1.09 | 0.79, 1.51 |
| 10th (5.23) | 1.16 | 0.93, 1.45 | 1.07 | 0.85, 1.35 | 1.04 | 0.82, 1.31 | 1.03 | 0.81, 1.30 | 1.06 | 0.83, 1.34 |
| 50th (14.9) | 0.92 | 0.80, 1.05 | 0.96 | 0.83, 1.10 | 0.97 | 0.84, 1.12 | 0.98 | 0.85, 1.13 | 0.96 | 0.84, 1.11 |
| 90th (39.5) | 0.79* | 0.63, 0.99 | 0.89 | 0.71, 1.12 | 0.91 | 0.72, 1.16 | 0.93 | 0.74, 1.19 | 0.91 | 0.72, 1.16 |
| 95th (54.6) | 0.69* | 0.50, 0.94 | 0.76 | 0.55, 1.06 | 0.78 | 0.56, 1.09 | 0.82 | 0.58, 1.14 | 0.80 | 0.57, 1.12 |
| 97th (66.2) | 0.81 | 0.54, 1.21 | 0.90 | 0.60, 1.35 | 0.94 | 0.62, 1.43 | 1.00 | 0.66, 1.53 | 0.98 | 0.65, 1.50 |
| Women | ||||||||||
| 3rd (1.84) | 1.52 * | 1.09, 2.12 | 1.31 | 0.92, 1.87 | 1.31 | 0.92, 1.86 | 1.35 | 0.95, 1.93 | 1.36 | 0.95, 1.95 |
| 5th (2.75) | 1.62 *** | 1.23, 2.15 | 1.51 ** | 1.13, 2.03 | 1.50 ** | 1.12, 2.02 | 1.55 ** | 1.15, 2.10 | 1.58 ** | 1.17, 2.13 |
| 10th (3.67) | 1.09 | 0.90, 1.34 | 1.02 | 0.83, 1.27 | 1.02 | 0.82, 1.26 | 1.04 | 0.84, 1.29 | 1.05 | 0.84, 1.30 |
| 50th (11.4) | 0.88 * | 0.77, 0.99 | 0.97 | 0.85, 1.12 | 0.98 | 0.85, 1.13 | 0.99 | 0.86, 1.14 | 0.99 | 0.86, 1.14 |
| 90th (30.2) | 0.83 | 0.66, 1.03 | 0.93 | 0.74, 1.18 | 0.95 | 0.75, 1.20 | 0.97 | 0.76, 1.23 | 0.97 | 0.77, 1.24 |
| 95th (38.3) | 0.61 ** | 0.44, 0.85 | 0.73 | 0.52, 1.03 | 0.74 | 0.53, 1.05 | 0.75 | 0.53, 1.06 | 0.75 | 0.53, 1.07 |
| 97th (44.8) | 0.58 * | 0.38, 0.88 | 0.70 | 0.45, 1.08 | 0.70 | 0.46, 1.10 | 0.73 | 0.46, 1.14 | 0.73 | 0.47, 1.14 |
Statistical significance: * = p < 0.05, ** = p < 0.01, *** = p < 0.001. Multivariate model A: adjusted for age and BMI; multivariate model B: model A + adjusted for energy intake, red meat intake, alcohol intake, sodium intake, fruit and vegetable intake, and total protein intake; multivariate model C: model B + adjusted for smoking status, physical activity, self-reported blood pressure at baseline, and anti-hypertensive medication use at time of the second health check; multivariate model D: model C + adjusted for education level, social class, and deprivation index.