Table 1.
Urinary Gly concentrations in European children (6–11 yrs.) from HBM4EU-aligned studies.
| Study | Sampling Year | N | Age Range (yrs.) | Sex (F/M) | Urine Sample | Method | LOD Gly (µg/L) | LOQ Gly (µg/L) | % < LOQ f | Gly (µg/L) | Creatinine-Adjusted Gly (µg/g crt) g | CreatinineMedian (P5 and P95) in mg/dL | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P25 | P50 | P75 | P95 | P25 | P50 | P75 | P95 | |||||||||||
| SLO CRP children (Slovenia) a | 2018 | 149 | 7–10 | (82/67) | Morning (140) and spot (9) | GC/MS-MS | 0.1 | 76 | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | 0.18 | 0.19 | 102 (42–175) | ||||
| ORGANIKO (Cyprus) b | 2017 | 166 | 10–11 | (80/86) | Morning | GC/MS-MS | 0.03 | 0.1 | 55 | <LOQ | <LOQ | 0.18 | 1.03 | 0.15 | 0.76 | 108 (53–205) | ||
| GerES V-sub d (Germany) a | 2015–2017 | 300 | 6–12 c | (150/150) | Morning (296) and spot (4) | GC/MS-MS | 0.1 | 47 | <LOQ | 0.10 = LOQ | 0.17 | 0.43 | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0.37 | 110 (49–204) | ||
| 3XG (Belgium) b | 2019–2020 | 133 | 6–8 | (67/66) | Morning (110) and spot (23) | LC/MS-MS | 0.1 | 40 | <LOQ | 0.12 | 0.22 | 0.41 | 0.11 | 0.21 | 0.58 | 97 (33–166) | ||
| ESTEBAN (France) a | 2014–2016 | 223 | 6–11 | (115/108) | Morning | LC/MS-MS | 0.02 | 0.05 | 83 | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | 0.65 | 0.84 | 87 (32–164) | |||
| Combined data e | 748 | 6–12 | (494/477) | 0.15 | 0.48 | 0.13 | 0.51 | |||||||||||
a: Biomarker data generated before HBM4EU QA/QC program and comparability cannot be guaranteed (see Esteban López et al., 2021) [17]; b: Biomarker data quality assured by HBM4EU QA/QC program; c: GerES V-sub included 19 children who have turned 12 between the first examination and urine collection date. d: GerES V-sub is an unweighted subset of 300 children of the nationally representative GerES V; e: Results of all datasets combined regardless of result QA/QC program; f: Each study was compared to its own LOQ. Data represent the percentage of participants having a value lower than the LOQ; g: Values < LOQ set to LOQ/2.