Table 1.

Summary of various case reports of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis discussed in this article. DM, diabetes mellitus and DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis. EAT, empiric antifungal therapy or observation-based antifungal therapy is followed in high-risk patients who have persistent fever after 4–7 days of broad-spectrum anti-bacterial drugs and no identified infection source. Some of the drugs used in EAT are amphotericin B, caspofungin, micafungin, voriconazole, itraconazole, and fluconazole.

S.N	No. of Cases	Gender/Age	Mucorales spp.	Location of Mucormycosis	Risk Factors	COVID-19 Diagnosis	Treatment	Patient’s Outcome	Ref.
1	One	F/24	Lichtheimia	Rhino-orbital	DM and DKA	RT-PCR	Amphotericin B	Died	[46]
2	One	M/79	Rhizopus arrhizus	Pulmonary	DM	PCR	Amphotericin B		[47]
3	One	M/59	Rhizopus microsporus	Pulmonary	Neutropenia	RT-PCR	-	Died	[48]
4	Four	M/>50	R. microsporus, Lichtheimia ramosa, R. arrhizus	Rhino-orbital-cerebral, pulmonary, and disseminated	DM And obesity reported in two patients	RT-PCR	EAT	3 Died, 1 Lived	[49]
5	Fifteen	M/F/14–71	-	Rhino-orbital	DM and corticosteroid therapy	RT-PCR	Combined antifungal therapy and orbital exenteration	7 Died, 8 Lived	[50]
6	One	F/61	-	Rhino-orbital	Corticosteroid therapy	PCR	Surgery	Lived	[51]
7	Two	M/F/40	-	Rhino-orbito-cerebral and rhino-orbital	Corticosteroid therapy	PCR, CT scan	Amphotericin B and surgery	1 Died, 1 Lived	[52]
8	One	F/73	Mucor	Paranasal and orbital	DM and chronic renal disease	PCR	Amphotericin B	Died	[53]
9	One	M/60	Rhizopus	Rhino-orbital	DM and hyperglycemia	-	Amphotericin B and posaconazole	Died	[54]
10	One	M/41	-	Rhino-cerebral	DM and DKA	RT-PCR	Amphotericin B and surgery	Lived	[55]
11	Two	M/>36	-	Rhino-orbital-cerebral	DM, DKA, and corticosteroid therapy	-	EAT	Both Died	[56]
12	One	M/44	-	Rhino-orbital	-	RT-PCR	Surgery and antifungal therapy	Died	[57]
13	Two	M/F/>60	-	Rhino-orbito-cerebral	DM and steroid therapy	RT-PCR	Amphotericin B	1 Died, 1 Lived	[58]
14	One	M/20	-	Rhino-orbital-cerebral	DM and corticosteroid therapy	-	Amphotericin B and surgery	Died	[59]
15	One	F/65	-	Rhino-cerebral	DM and corticosteroid therapy	-	Antifungal therapy and insulin	Lived	[60]
16	One	M/61	-	Rhino-orbital	DM and corticosteroid therapy	RT-PCR	Amphotericin B and isavuconazole	-	[61]
17	One	F/>50	Rhizopus spp.	Rhino-orbital-cerebral	DM and hyperglycemia	RT-PCR	Amphotericin B	Lived	[62]
18	Ten	M/F/>53	Rhizopus spp.	Rhino-orbital	DM and corticosteroid therapy	RT-PCR	EAT	1 Died, 9 Lived	[63]
19	Eighteen	M/F/35–73	-	Rhino-cerebro-orbital	DM and corticosteroid therapy	RT-PCR	Orbital exenteration	6 Died, 11 Lived, 1 Lost to follow-up	[64]
20	One	M/60	-	Rhino-orbital	DM and corticosteroid therapy	RT-PCR	EAT	Died	[65]
21	One	M/28	-	Rhino-orbital	HIV and hypocomplementemia	RT-PCR	Amphotericin B and surgery	Lived	[66]
22	Ten	M/F/23–67	Rhizopus and Mucor spp.	Orbital	DM and DKA	RT-PCR	Antifungal drug therapy and surgery	4 Died, 6 Lived	[67]
23	One	M/66	Rhizopus spp.	Pulmonary	Arterial hypertension	-	EAT,	Died	[68]
24	One	M/38	Rhizopus oryzae	Sino-orbital	-	RT-PCR	Fluconazole, amphotericin B, surgery	Lived	[69]
25	One	M/66	Mucor	Rhino-orbital	DM and corticosteroid therapy	-	Amphotericin B and surgery	Lived	[70]
26	One	F/32	-	Paranasal	DM	CBNAAT	Amphotericin B	Lived	[71]
27	One	M/27	Mucor	Pulmonary	-	-	Amphotericin B	Died	[72]
28	One	M/39		Mandibular	-	-	Posaconazole	Lived	[73]
29	Two	M/F/11–13	Rhizopus arrhizus	Rhino-orbital-cerebral	DM and hyperglycemia	COVID-19 antibody test	EAT and surgery	Both Lived	[74]
30	One	M/48	-	Pulmonary and sino-nasal	DM and DKA	-	Antifungal therapy and surgery	Died	[75]