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. 2022 Aug 18;14(8):1731. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081731

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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GB-PPNPs alleviate MPTP-induced behavioral impairments in PD model mice. (A) Pharmacodynamic study design. After MPTP injection, pole tests (B,C) and rotarod tests (D,E) were performed (n = 6). (F) Representative paths (green) for mice activity in the indicated groups. The red and blue dots represent the start and the end of the positions, respectively. Distance traveled (G) and average travel speed (H) for animals in the indicated groups (n = 8). ** p < 0.01 vs. MPTP. ^## p < 0.01 vs. GB-PPNPs.