. 2022 Aug 12;14:919143. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.919143

TABLE 4.

Neuropsychological test results.

		NC (N = 20)	MCI (N = 21)	AD (N = 20)	F	p
MMSE		28.10 ± 0.79	25.10 ± 1.48^*	15.60 ± 3.07^*^#	211.247	<0.001
MoCA		27.70 ± 0.66	21.10 ± 3.08^*	10.35 ± 4.10^*^#	172.309	<0.001
HDSR		28.60 ± 0.50	24.76 ± 1.09^*	12.60 ± 3.63^*^#	290.460	<0.001
CDR		0.00 ± 0.00	0.50 ± 0.00	1.50 ± 0.58^*^#	104.224	<0.001
DST		12.25 ± 0.72	11.43 ± 1.75	9.60 ± 0.60^*^#	27.516	<0.001
VFT		37.95 ± 3.40	30.71 ± 5.98^*	19.65 ± 7.93^*^#	46.331	<0.001
FAB		17.70 ± 0.57	15.95 ± 2.13^*	9.70 ± 3.21^*^#	70.175	<0.001
TMTA (s)		58.56 ± 7.64	72.93 ± 22.85	132.73 ± 42.84^*^#	38.806	<0.001
RAVLT	RAVLT immediate	38.80 ± 1.70	30.52 ± 5.51^*	10.00 ± 3.84^*^#	271.120	<0.001
	RAVLT short	10.25 ± 0.97	4.90 ± 2.63^*	0.05 ± 0.22^*^#	192.932	<0.001
	RAVLT long	9.00 ± 1.17	3.10 ± 2.70^*	0.00 ± 0.00^*^#	141.308	<0.001
	RAVLT recognition	13.60 ± 1.35	10.57 ± 2.01^*	0.65 ± 2.00^*^#	277.294	<0.001
NPI-Q	NPI-Q1	0.00 ± 0.00	1.48 ± 5.27	11.65 ± 16.78^*^#	7.943	0.001
	NPI-Q2	0.00 ± 0.00	1.00 ± 3.00	7.20 ± 9.69^*^#	9.033	<0.001
HAMA		1.55 ± 4.84	11.29 ± 8.30^*	9.70 ± 7.21^*	11.403	<0.001
HAMD		1.30 ± 4.00	11.19 ± 10.68^*	13.55 ± 7.57^*	13.385	<0.001
ADL		20.00 ± 0.00	20.24 ± 0.63	31.95 ± 8.34^*^#	40.996	<0.001

NC, normal cognition; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; MMSE, mini-mental state examination; MoCA, Montreal cognitive assessment scale; HDSR, Hasegawa dementia scale revised; CDR, clinical dementia rating scale; DST, digit span test; VFT, verbal fluency test; FAB, frontal assessment battery; TMTA, trail making test A; RAVLT, Rey auditory verbal learning test (immediate recall/short-term delayed recall/long-term delayed recall/recognition); NPI-Q, neuropsychiatric inventory-questionnaire (NPI-Q1: the score of patient, NPI-Q2: the score of caregiver); HAMA, Hamilton anxiety scale; HAMD, Hamilton depression scale; ADL, activity of daily living scale. *p < 0.05 vs. NC group; ^#p < 0.05 vs. MCI group.