Table 1.
Univariate comparison of clinical characteristics between study groups.
| Characteristics | Antibody Negative * (n = 51) | Antibody Positive * (n = 5127) | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Median ± IQR | 69 ± 25 | 62 ± 23 | 0.024 | |
| Sex, Female N (%) | 37 (72.6) | 3393 (66.2) | 0.34 | |
| Race, White N (%) | 48 (94.1) | 4457 (86.9) | 2.41 (0.75–7.74) | 0.13 |
| Any Tobacco Use | 2 (3.9) | 201 (3.9) | 1 (0.24–4.14) | 1.00 |
| Chronic Health Conditions (CHCs) | ||||
| None, N (%) | 11 (21.6) | 2176 (42.4) | 0.37 (0.19–0.73) | 0.003 |
| Diabetes, N (%) | 9 (17.7) | 544 (10.6) | 3.27 (1.35–7.94) | 0.010 |
| Hypertension, N (%) | 23 (45.1) | 1723 (33.6) | 2.9 (1.38–6.11) | 0.003 |
| Heart Disease, N (%) | 7 (13.7) | 389 (7.6) | 3.56 (1.37–9.23) | 0.013 |
| Autoimmune Disease, N (%) | 16 (31.4) | 279 (5.4) | 11.34 (5.21–24.69) | <0.0001 |
| Cancer, N (%) | 5 (9.8) | 347 (6.8) | 2.85 (0.98–8.25) | 0.06 |
| Thyroid Disease, N (%) | 6 (11.8) | 547 (10.7) | 2.17 (0.8–5.89) | 0.13 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease, N (%) | 6 (11.8) | 88 (1.7) | 13.49 (4.88–37.3) | <0.0001 |
| Composite CHCs | ||||
| Cardiovascular Disease, N (%) | 25 (49.0) | 1856 (36.2) | 2.93 (1.4–6.11) | 0.003 |
| Any CHC, N (%) | 40 (78.4) | 2951 (57.6) | 2.68 (1.37–5.24) | 0.003 |
| Medications | ||||
| None, N (%) | 27 (52.94) | 3852 (75.1) | 0.37 (0.21–0.65) | 0.0003 |
| All Medications, N (%) | 24 (47.06) | 1275 (24.9) | 2.69 (1.54–4.67) | 0.0003 |
| ACEI or ARB, N (%) | 6 (11.76) | 1041 (20.3) | 0.82 (0.34–1.99) | 0.66 |
| Immunosuppressants, N (%) | 17 (33.33) | 106 (2.1) | 22.88 (12.1–43.25) | <0.0001 |
| Cancer Treatments, N (%) | 4 (7.84) | 46 (0.9) | 12.41 (4.17–36.88) | 0.001 |
Abbreviations: ACEI—angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB—angiotensin receptor blocker; CHC—chronic health conditions; IQR—interquartile range. * Serostatus determined by presence/absence of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein (IgG) antibodies in peripheral blood via ELISA. Statistically significant p-values are represented in bold font.