Table 2.

Characteristics of the experimental interventions used to treat IBS symptoms.

Study	Intervention (E/C)	Duration/Frequency/ Duration of One Session	Description
Jang et al. [46]	CBT/general information about IBS	E: 8 weeks/once a week/ 80 min (include 20 min of relaxation training); C: 1st week/only once/50 min	E: Group session of CBT (4–6 participants) with 60 min of thematic training and 20 min of relaxation training. C: One session with 50 min of general information about IBS (during the first week). Similarly to the experimental group—an interview on IBS symptoms in groups of 4–6 people (four times: at baseline; and at 8, 16, and 24 weeks).
Jurek et al. [47]	Slow deep breathing/normal activities	E: 4 weeks/5 times a week/20-min; C: normal activities	E: Self-directed Slow Deep Breathing with 20-min video. At least 4 times a week. C: maintenance regular activity.
Kavuri, Selvan, Malamud et al. [48]	Yoga/Combination/ Wait-List groups a	Y/CB—Yoga RYM: 12 weeks/ 3 times a week/60 min; WL-C -walking: 12 weeks/once a day/60 min	E: Each yoga session started with simple breathing practices, loosening practices, and simple postures with relaxation in between. The session ended with regulated breathing and meditation. C: maintenance of their regular activities; suggestion to walk for 60 min three times a week during their waiting period.
Park and Cha [49]	KHA/sham-KHA	4 weeks/twice a week/25 min	E: 16 KHA reflection spots on both hands were stimulated. The needles were inserted at less than 1 mm depth. C: 16 spots that were unrelated to the crucial energy spots were inserted by the needles. Each reflection spot wasstimulated for 25 min in both groups.
Go and Park [50]	Auricular Acupressure/ no treatment	4 weeks/5 days a week/5 times a day	E: Semen sinapis albae seeds were used to acupressure four auricular points: endocrine, large intestine, lung, and Shenmen. Stickers remained in place for 5 days, and sticker-attached areas were pressed 5 times a day. Acupressure stickers were applied weekly for 4 weeks with a 2-day break time between each treatment. C: No treatment.
Shi et al. [51]	taVNS/ sham-taVNS	4 weeks/twice a day/30 min	E: “The taVNS treatment was performed at auricular cymba concha. One pair of electrodes was placed at bilateral auricular concha, via which trains of pulses were delivered from a watch-size digital stimulator” [51] p. 12. C: Sham-taVNS was performed with the same parameters as taVNS. Electrical stimulation was performed at sham point at the elbow area.

C = control group; CBT = cognitive behavioral therapy; E = experimental group; KHA = Korean hand acupuncture; RYM = remedial yoga module; taVNS = transcutaneous auricular vagusnerve stimulation; ^a Two experimental groups: (Y) yoga with limited conventional treatment, and (CB) yoga with conventional treatment; one control group: wait-list.