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Prostate tumor microenvironment. This figure displays the various mechanistic processes by which PCa can shield or evade the body’s immune system. This includes the production of inhibitory cytokines, resulting in the downregulation of the TH and Tc cells. Prostate cancer cells can also activate the M2 macrophages, leading to the production of IL-10, TNF, and various cytokines, which in turn inhibits the T cells.
