Table 3.
Awareness of diet-related diseases by sociodemographic factors (n = 1070).
|
Diet-Related Diseases—Percentage of Respondents Who Answered “Yes”
by Sociodemographic Factors |
||||||||
| Variable | Overweight or Obesity | Diabetes Mellitus | Arterial Hypertension | Myocardial Infarction | ||||
| n (%) | p | n (%) | p | n (%) | p | n (%) | p | |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Female | 514 (90.2) | <0.001 | 442 (77.5) | 0.01 | 402 (70.5) | 0.08 | 350 (61.4) | 0.1 |
| Male | 396 (79.2) | 350 (70.0) | 328 (65.6) | 282 (56.4) | ||||
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| 18–34 | 275 (79.7) | <0.001 | 258 (74.8) | 0.7 | 209 (60.6) | <0.001 | 194 (56.2) | 0.2 |
| 35–49 | 237 (82.6) | 209 (72.8) | 201 (70.0) | 181 (63.1) | ||||
| 50–64 | 259 (91.8) | 214 (75.9) | 213 (75.5) | 171 (60.6) | ||||
| 65+ | 139 (89.1) | 111 (71.2) | 107 (68.6) | 86 (55.1) | ||||
| Educational level | ||||||||
| Primary | 18 (75.0) | <0.001 | 14 (58.3) | <0.001 | 11 (45.8) | <0.001 | 12 (50.0) | 0.003 |
| Vocational | 78 (72.9) | 56 (52.3) | 61 (57.0) | 51 (47.7) | ||||
| Secondary | 402 (84.6) | 355 (74.7) | 307 (64.6) | 269 (56.6) | ||||
| Higher | 412 (88.8) | 367 (79.1) | 351 (75.6) | 300 (64.7) | ||||
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Single | 183 (79.9) | 0.1 | 176 (76.9) | 0.3 | 144 (62.9) | 0.4 | 128 (55.9) | 0.8 |
| Married | 469 (86.9) | 393 (72.8) | 380 (70.4) | 324 (60.0) | ||||
| Informal relationship | 146 (83.9) | 134 (77.0) | 120 (69.0) | 106 (60.9) | ||||
| Divorced | 39 (90.7) | 33 (76.7) | 29 (67.4) | 25 (58.1) | ||||
| Widowed | 73 (86.9) | 56 (66.7) | 57 (67.9) | 49 (58.3) | ||||
| Having children | ||||||||
| Yes | 596 (88.0) | <0.001 | 496 (73.3) | 0.5 | 478 (70.6) | 0.03 | 401 (59.2) | 0.9 |
| No | 314 (79.9) | 296 (75.3) | 252 (64.1) | 231 (58.8) | ||||
| Number of household members | ||||||||
| Living alone | 122 (83.0) | 0.5 | 107 (72.8) | 0.7 | 99 (67.3) | 0.8 | 80 (54.4) | 0.2 |
| 2 or more | 788 (85.4) | 685 (74.2) | 631 (68.4) | 552 (59.8) | ||||
| Place of residence | ||||||||
| Rural | 299 (83.8) | 0.5 | 262 (73.4) | 0.04 | 229 (64.1) | 0.1 | 203 (56.9) | 0.2 |
| City below 20,000 residents | 110 (81.5) | 91 (67.4) | 89 (65.9) | 83 (61.5) | ||||
| City from 20,000 to 99,999 residents | 194 (85.5) | 170 (74.9) | 158 (69.6) | 140 (61.7) | ||||
| City from 100,000 to 499,999 residents | 178 (88.1) | 145 (71.8) | 141 (69.8) | 109 (54.0) | ||||
| City above 500,000 residents | 129 (86.6) | 124 (83.2) | 113 (75.8) | 97 (65.1) | ||||
| Occupational status | ||||||||
| Active | 560 (84.1) | 0.3 | 488 (73.3) | 0.5 | 467 (70.1) | 0.09 | 416 (62.5) | 0.004 |
| Passive | 350 (86.6) | 304 (75.2) | 263 (65.1) | 216 (53.5) | ||||
| Self-reported financial status | ||||||||
| Rather good, good, or very good | 352 (85.9) | 0.7 | 311 (75.9) | 0.3 | 282 (68.8) | 0.4 | 241 (58.8) | 0.9 |
| Moderate/difficult to tell | 366 (85.1) | 320 (74.4) | 284 (66.0) | 254 (59.1) | ||||
| Rather bad, bad, or very good | 192 (83.5) | 161 (70.0) | 164 (71.3) | 137 (59.6) | ||||
| Presence of chronic diseases | ||||||||
| Yes | 434 (90.2) | <0.001 | 378 (78.6) | 0.002 | 357 (74.2) | <0.001 | 310 (64.4) | 0.001 |
| No | 476 (80.8) | 414 (70.3) | 373 (63.3) | 322 (54.7) | ||||
| Self-reported health status | ||||||||
| Rather good, good, or very good | 406 (86.0) | 0.7 | 351 (74.4) | 0.9 | 319 (67.6) | 0.9 | 270 (57.2) | 0.5 |
| Moderate/difficult to tell | 424 (84.5) | 369 (73.5) | 346 (68.9) | 302 (60.2) | ||||
| Rather bad, bad, or very good | 80 (83.3) | 72 (75.0) | 65 (67.7) | 60 (62.5) | ||||
| Variable | Stroke | Cancer | Osteoporosis | Tooth Decay | ||||
| n (%) | p | n (%) | p | n (%) | p | n (%) | p | |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Female | 157 (27.5) | 0.3 | 334 (58.6) | 0.057 | 106 (18.6) | 0.5 | 333 (58.4) | <0.001 |
| Male | 123 (24.6) | 264 (52.8) | 85 (17.0) | 240 (48.0) | ||||
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| 18–34 | 67 (19.4) | 0.01 | 169 (49.0) | 0.01 | 61 (17.7) | 0.9 | 211 (61.2) | <0.001 |
| 35–49 | 88 (30.7) | 166 (57.8) | 55 (19.2) | 160 (55.7) | ||||
| 50–64 | 80 (28.4) | 175 (62.1) | 48 (17.0) | 140 (49.6) | ||||
| 65+ | 45 (28.8) | 88 (56.4) | 27 (17.3) | 62 (39.7) | ||||
| Educational level | ||||||||
| Primary | 3 (12.5) | <0.001 | 9 (37.5) | <0.001 | 2 (8.3) | <0.001 | 13 (54.2) | <0.001 |
| Vocational | 13 (12.1) | 40 (37.4) | 13 (12.1) | 33 (30.8) | ||||
| Secondary | 109 (22.9) | 251 (52.8) | 67 (14.1) | 238 (50.1) | ||||
| Higher | 155 (33.4) | 298 (64.2) | 109 (23.5) | 289 (62.3) | ||||
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Single | 53 (23.1) | 0.2 | 119 (52.0) | 0.4 | 41 (17.9) | 0.1 | 130 (56.8) | <0.001 |
| Married | 140 (25.9) | 314 (58.1) | 88 (16.3) | 271 (50.2) | ||||
| Informal relationship | 57 (32.8) | 96 (55.2) | 42 (24.1) | 116 (66.7) | ||||
| Divorced | 10 (23.3) | 20 (46.5) | 4 (9.3) | 16 (37.2) | ||||
| Widowed | 20 (23.8) | 49 (58.3) | 16 (19.0) | 40 (47.6) | ||||
| Having children | ||||||||
| Yes | 180 (26.6) | 0.7 | 376 (55.5) | 0.8 | 109 (16.1) | 0.05 | 350 (51.7) | 0.1 |
| No | 100 (25.4) | 222 (56.5) | 82 (20.9) | 223 (56.7) | ||||
| Number of household members | ||||||||
| Living alone | 38 (25.9) | 0.9 | 76 (51.7) | 0.3 | 38 (25.9) | 0.006 | 67 (45.6) | 0.04 |
| 2 or more | 242 (26.2) | 522 (56.6) | 153 (16.6) | 506 (54.8) | ||||
| Place of residence | ||||||||
| Rural | 84 (23.5) | 0.2 | 193 (54.1) | 0.7 | 62 (17.4) | 0.1 | 193 (54.1) | 0.2 |
| City below 20,000 residents | 38 (28.1) | 77 (57.0) | 18 (13.3) | 60 (44.4) | ||||
| City from 20,000 to 99,999 residents | 63 (27.8) | 129 (56.8) | 53 (23.3) | 124 (54.6) | ||||
| City from 100,000 to 499,999 residents | 47 (23.3) | 120 (59.4) | 36 (17.8) | 108 (53.5) | ||||
| City above 500,000 residents | 48 (32.2) | 79 (53.0) | 22 (14.8) | 88 (59.1) | ||||
| Occupational status | ||||||||
| Active | 186 (27.9) | 0.09 | 377 (56.6) | 0.5 | 131 (19.7) | 0.046 | 382 (57.4) | 0.001 |
| Passive | 94 (23.3) | 221 (54.7) | 60 (14.9) | 191 (47.3) | ||||
| Self-reported financial status | ||||||||
| Rather good, good, or very good | 114 (27.8) | 0.5 | 228 (55.6) | 0.01 | 70 (17.1) | 0.3 | 231 (56.3) | 0.3 |
| Moderate/difficult to tell | 104 (24.2) | 260 (60.5) | 72 (16.7) | 227 (52.8) | ||||
| Rather bad, bad, or very good | 62 (27.0) | 110 (47.8) | 49 (21.3) | 115 (50.0) | ||||
| Presence of chronic diseases | ||||||||
| Yes | 145 (30.1) | 0.01 | 298 (62.0) | <0.001 | 94 (19.5) | 0.2 | 276 (57.4) | 0.02 |
| No | 135 (22.9) | 300 (50.9) | 97 (16.5) | 297 (50.4) | ||||
| Self-reported health status | ||||||||
| Rather good, good, or very good | 119 (25.2) | 0.8 | 265 (56.1) | 0.06 | 86 (18.2) | 0.8 | 267 (56.6) | 0.2 |
| Moderate/difficult to tell | 136 (27.1) | 290 (57.8) | 90 (17.9) | 256 (51.0) | ||||
| Rather bad, bad, or very good | 25 (26.0) | 43 (44.8) | 15 (15.6) | 50 (52.1) | ||||