. 2022 Aug 11;14(16):3285. doi: 10.3390/nu14163285

Table 5.

Factors associated with awareness of diet-related diseases (n = 1070).

Factors Associated with Awareness of Diet–Related Diseases

Variable

Overweight or Obesity

Diabetes Mellitus

Arterial Hypertension

Simple Logistic Regression

Multivariable Logistic Regression

Simple Logistic Regression

Multivariable Logistic Regression

Simple Logistic Regression

Multivariable Logistic Regression

OR (95%CI)

Gender

Female

<0.001

2.41 (1.70–3.42)

<0.001

2.22 (1.54–3.18)

0.005

1.48 (1.13–1.95)

0.008

1.46 (1.10–1.93)

0.08

1.26 (0.97–1.62)

Male

Reference

Age (years)

18–34

Reference

0.4

1.20 (0.79-1.84)

Reference

35–49

0.4

1.21 (0.81–1.80)

0.8

1.50 (0.77–2.94)

0.7

1.09 (0.70–1.68)

0.01

1.52 (1.09–2.12)

0.06

1.06 (0.66–1.68)

50–64

<0.001

2.87 (1.74–4.73)

0.01

2.11 (1.18–3.77)

0.3

1.28 (0.82–1.98)

<0.001

2.01 (1.42–2.84)

0.01

1.74 (1.17–2.61)

65+

0.01

2.08 (1.18–3.67)

0.2

1.50 (0.68–1.69)

Reference

0.09

1.42 (0.95–2.12)

0.8

1.06 (0.66–1.68)

Having higher education

Yes

0.003

1.72 (1.20–2.45)

0.001

1.84 (1.28–2.67)

<0.001

1.61 (1.21–2.14)

0.001

1.60 (1.20–2.14)

<0.001

1.86 (1.42–2.43)

<0.001

1.89 (1.43–2.50)

Reference

Ever married

Yes

0.02

1.52 (1.08–2.13)

0.5

0.84 (0.52–1.36)

0.1

0.78 (0.59–1.04)

0.1

1.22 (0.94–1.59)

Reference

Having children

Yes

<0.001

1.85 (1.32–2.60)

0.2

1.38 (0.85–2.24)

0.4

0.90 (0.68–1.20)

0.03

1.34 (1.03–1.75)

0.7

1.06 (0.77–1.45)

Reference

Number of household members

Living alone

0.5

0.84 (0.52–1.33)

0.7

0.93 (0.63–1.38)

0.8

0.95 (0.66–1.38)

2 or more

Reference

Place of residence

Rural

Reference

City below 20,000 residents

0.5

0.85 (0.51–1.43)

0.2

0.75 (0.49–1.15)

0.2

0.73 (0.47–1.12)

0.7

1.08 (0.71–1.64)

0.8

1.07 (0.70–1.64)

City from 20,000 to 99,999 residents

0.6

1.14 (0.72–1.81)

0.7

1.08 (0.74–1.58)

0.8

0.95 (0.65–1.41)

0.2

1.28 (0.90–1.83)

0.6

1.12 (0.77–1.62)

City from 100,000 to 499,999 residents

0.2

1.44 (0.86–2.40)

0.7

0.92 (0.63–1.36)

0.4

0.85 (0.58–1.25)

0.2

1.29 (0.89–1.87)

0.4

1.16 (0.79–1.70)

City above 500,000 residents

0.4

1.25 (0.72–2.17)

0.02

1.80 (1.10–2.94)

0.1

1.53 (0.93–2.51)

0.01

1.75 (1.14–2.71)

0.1

1.43 (0.91–2.24)

Occupational status

Active

Reference

Passive

0.3

1.23 (0.86–1.75)

0.5

1.11 (0.84–1.47)

0.09

0.80 (0.61–1.03)

Self-reported financial status

Rather good, good or very good

0.4

1.20 (0.77–1.88)

0.1

1.35 (0.94–1.93)

0.5

0.89 (0.62–1.26)

Moderate/difficult to tell

0.6

1.13 (0.73–1.75)

0.2

1.25 (0.87–1.78)

0.2

0.78 (0.55–1.11)

Rather bad, bad or very good

Reference

Presence of chronic diseases

Yes

<0.001

2.20 (1.52–3.16)

0.005

1.77 (1.19–2.63)

0.002

1.55 (1.17–2.05)

0.004

1.52 (1.14–2.02)

<0.001

1.67 (1.28–2.17)

0.002

1.58 (1.18–2.10)

Reference

Self-reported health status

Rather good, good or very good

0.5

1.23 (0.68–2.23)

0.9

0.97 (0.58–1.60)

0.9

0.99 (0.62–1.59)

Moderate/difficult to tell

0.8

1.09 (0.60–1.96)

0.8

0.93 (0.56–1.53)

0.8

1.06 (0.66–1.69)

Rather bad, bad or very good

Reference

Variable

Myocardial Infarction

Stroke

Cancer

Simple Logistic Regression

Multivariable Logistic Regression

Simple Logistic Regression

Multivariable Logistic Regression

Simple Logistic Regression

Multivariable Logistic Regression

OR (95%CI)

Gender

Female

0.1

1.23 (0.96–1.57)

0.3

1.17 (0.89–1.53)

0.057

1.27 (0.99–1.61)

Male

Reference

Age (years)

18–34

0.8

1.05 (0.72–1.53)

Reference

35–49

0.1

1.39 (0.94–2.07)

0.001

1.84 (1.27–2.65)

0.002

1.78 (1.23–2.58)

0.03

1.43 (1.04–1.96)

0.09

1.33 (0.96–1.84)

50–64

0.3

1.25 (0.84–1.86)

0.01

1.64 (1.13–2.38)

0.03

1.54 (1.04–2.28)

0.001

1.70 (1.24–2.35)

0.01

1.54 (1.10–2.17)

65+

Reference

0.02

1.68 (1.09–2.61)

0.2

1.36 (0.86–2.16)

0.1

1.35 (0.92–1.97)

0.7

1.09 (0.72–1.64)

Having higher education

Yes

0.001

1.51 (1.18–1.94)

0.005

1.44 (1.12–1.86)

<0.001

1.93 (1.47–2.54)

<0.001

1.93 (1.45–2.56)

<0.001

1.83 (1.43–2.35)

<0.001

1.88 (1.46–2.44)

Reference

Ever married

Yes

0.6

1.07 (0.83–1.37)

0.5

0.91 (0.69–1.21)

0.2

1.18 (0.92–1.51)

Reference

Having children

Yes

0.9

1.02 (0.79–1.31)

0.7

1.06 (0.80–1.41)

0.8

0.96 (0.75–1.24)

Reference

Number of household members

Living alone

0.2

0.80 (0.57–1.14)

0.9

0.98 (0.66–1.46)

0.3

0.82 (0.58–1.17)

2 or more

Reference

Place of residence

Rural

Reference

City below 20,000 residents

0.4

1.21 (0.81–1.82)

0.3

1.27 (0.81–1.99)

0.3

1.26 (0.80–2.00)

0.6

1.13 (0.76–1.68)

City from 20,000 to 99,999 residents

0.3

1.22 (0.87–1.72)

0.3

1.25 (0.85–1.83)

0.6

1.10 (0.74–1.63)

0.5

1.12 (0.80–1.56)

City from 100,000 to 499,999 residents

0.5

0.89 (0.63–1.26)

0.9

0.99 (0.66–1.48)

0.6

0.91 (0.60–1.38)

0.2

1.24 (0.88–1.76)

City above 500,000 residents

0.09

1.42 (0.95–2.10)

0.04

1.55 (1.01–2.36)

0.2

1.29 (0.84–2.00)

0.8

0.96 (0.65–1.41)

Occupational status

Active

0.004

1.45 (1.13–1.86)

<0.001

1.58 (1.21–2.07)

0.09

1.28 (0.96–1.70)

0.5

1.08 (0.84–1.39)

Passive

Reference

Self-reported financial status

Rather good, good or very good

0.8

0.97 (0.70–1.35)

0.8

1.04 (0.73–1.50)

0.06

1.37 (0.99–1.89)

0.3

1.22 (0.86–1.75)

Moderate/difficult to tell

0.9

0.98 (0.71–1.36)

0.4

0.86 (0.60–1.25)

0.002

1.67 (1.21–2.30)

0.01

1.56 (1.11–2.19)

Rather bad, bad or very good

Reference

Presence of chronic diseases

Yes

0.001

1.50 (1.17–1.93)

<0.001

1.73 (1.33–2.24)

0.008

1.45 (1.10–1.91)

0.02

1.42 (1.05–1.92)

<0.001

1.57 (1.23–2.00)

<0.001

1.80 (1.35–2.40)

Reference

Self-reported health status

Rather good, good or very good

0.3

0.80 (0.51–1.26)

0.9

0.96 (0.58–1.58)

0.04

1.58 (1.02–2.45)

0.007

2.02 (1.21–3.35)

Moderate/difficult to tell

0.7

0.91 (0.58–1.42)

0.8

1.06 (0.64–1.73)

0.02

1.69 (1.09–2.62)

0.01

1.83 (1.14–2.93)

Rather bad, bad or very good

Reference

Variable

Osteoporosis

Tooth Decay

Simple Logistic Regression

Multivariable Logistic Regression

Simple Logistic Regression

Multivariable Logistic Regression

OR (95%CI)

Gender

Female

0.5

1.12 (0.81–1.53)

<0.001

1.52 (1.20–1.94)

<0.001

1.60 (1.23–2.07)

Male

Reference

Age (years)

18–34

Reference

<0.001

2.39 (1.62–3.52)

0.004

2.07 (1.26–3.41)

35–49

0.6

1.10 (0.74–1.65)

0.001

1.91 (1.29–2.84)

0.03

1.73 (1.06–2.83)

50–64

0.8

0.96 (0.63–1.45)

0.047

1.50 (1.01–2.22)

0.2

1.34 (0.86–2.10)

65+

0.9

0.97 (0.59–1.60)

Reference

Having higher education

Yes

<0.001

1.96 (1.43–2.69)

<0.001

1.91 (1.38–2.65)

<0.001

1.87 (1.46–2.40)

<0.001

2.00 (1.54–2.60)

Reference

Ever married

Yes

0.07

0.75 (0.54–1.02)

Reference

<0.001

1.63 (1.27–2.10)

0.002

1.60 (1.18–2.17)

Having children

Yes

0.05

0.73 (0.53–1.00)

0.1

0.82 (0.64–1.05)

Reference

Number of household members

Living alone

0.007

1.76 (1.17–2.64)

Reference

2 or more

Reference

0.04

1.45 (1.02–2.06)

0.02

1.57 (1.07–2.30)

Place of residence

Rural

0.5

1.21 (0.72–2.06)

0.2

1.43 (0.83–2.44)

Reference

City below 20,000 residents

0.7

0.89 (0.45–1.74)

0.9

1.00 (0.51–1.97)

0.06

0.68 (0.46–1.01)

City from 20,000 to 99,999 residents

0.04

1.76 (1.02–3.04)

0.02

1.95 (1.12–3.39)

0.9

1.02 (0.73–1.43)

City from 100,000 to 499,999 residents

0.4

1.25 (0.70–2.23)

0.3

1.37 (0.76–2.46)

0.9

0.98 (0.69–1.38)

City above 500,000 residents

Reference

0.3

1.23 (0.83–1.81)

Occupational status

Active

0.047

1.40 (1.01–1.96)

0.1

1.30 (0.92–1.83)

0.001

1.50 (1.17–1.92)

0.2

1.26 (0.92–1.71)

Passive

Reference

Self-reported financial status

Rather good, good or very good

0.2

0.76 (0.51–1.14)

0.1

1.29 (0.93–1.78)

Moderate/difficult to tell

0.2

0.74 (0.50-1.11)

0.5

1.12 (0.81-1.54)

Rather bad, bad or very good

Reference

Presence of chronic diseases

Yes

0.2

1.23 (0.90–1.69)

0.02

1.32 (1.04–1.69)

<0.001

1.85 (1.40–2.44)

Reference

Self-reported health status

Rather good, good or very good

0.5

1.20 (0.66–2.19)

0.4

1.20 (0.77–1.86)

Moderate/difficult to tell

0.6

1.18 (0.65–2.14)

0.8

0.96 (0.62–1.48)

Rather bad, bad or very good

Reference