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. 2022 Aug 10;14(16):3262. doi: 10.3390/nu14163262

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Sex and estrogen levels affect hepatokine mRNA levels in the liver of mice under physiological conditions. (A,B) Heatmaps reporting as Log₂ fold change (FC) the mRNA levels of the most relevant hepatokines known to be involved in NAFLD from RNA-Seq analysis performed in the livers of males (MAL) and females (FEM) at low and high levels of estrogens (A) and in the livers of sham-operated (SHAM) and ovariectomized (OVX) female mice (B) (n = 4). (C) Cluster analysis performed by plotting the Log₂ FC of fertile females (FEM) over males (MAL) against the Log₂ FC of OVX over SHAM females. Enho, adropin; Inhbe, inhibin subunit beta E; Igfbp1, insulin like growth factor binding protein 1; Tsku, tsukushi. (D,E) Estrogen-responsive elements (EREs) identified in the region −/+1000 around TSS of Enho, Inhbe, Igfbp1, and Tsku (EREs are shown as red blocks).