Table 5.

Descriptive characteristics of included laboratory house dust mite studies (n = 6, interventional study n = 0).

Study Setting	Study Design	Method/Assay	Intervention	Outcome Measure(s)	Treatment Outcome(s)	Quality Score
	In vitro (n = not reported, Dermatophagoides farinae mites)	Direct contact assays: spraying the mites placed onto discs of carpet lining in the base of the chamber at a rate of 10 mL/m2 (no diagnostic device is reported)	TTO (5%) solution spray Neem (5% cold-pressed oil) solution spray Imidacloprid (0.01%) solution spray Microencapsulated permethrin (1%) solution spray d-phenothrin (0.37%, Control) solution spray	Mortality rate (proportion of non-viable mites, no description on mortality assessment) after 24 h, 7 days, and 3 months	Mortality rate (%) after 24 h: 81% for TTO vs. 50% for Neem oil vs. 100% for Imidacloprid vs. 100% for Microencapsulated permethrin vs. 100% for d-phenothrin Mortality rate (%) after 7 days: no report for TTO vs. 92% for Neem oil vs. high mortality (no report) for Imidacloprid, Microencapsulated permethrin and d-phenothrin Mortality rate (%) after 3 months: 42% for TTO vs. 46.8% for Neem oil vs. 80% for Imidacloprid vs. 100% for Microencapsulated permethrin vs. 80% for d-phenothrin (no p-value is reported)	4 (Not assignable)
McDonald and Tovey, 1993 [116], Australia	In vitro (n = 350 house dust mites, no report on species type)	Direct contact assays: placing the mites in mesh capsules and immersing them in test products for 30 min followed by examination of their mobility after 12 h (no diagnostic device is reported)	100% of TTO (n = 50), Citronella oil (CO, n = 50), Eucalyptus oil (EO, n = 50), Spearmint oil (SO, n = 50), and Wintergreen oil (WO, n = 50) solutions Benzyl benzoate solution (BB, 0.8%), (n = 50) Tween-only solutions (0.8%, Control) (n = 50)	Mortality rate (proportion of non-viable mites, absence of mobility) after 30 min Rate of killing	Mortality rate (data obtained from graph): 98% for TTO vs. 100 % for BB vs. 100% for CO vs. 90% for EO vs. 88% for WO vs. 82% for SO vs. < 10% for Control (no p-value is reported) 98% for TTO vs. 100% for CO vs. 100 % for BB (p > 0.05) Rate of killing: TTO was the fastest acting EO killing 79% of mites in 10 min (no p-value is reported)	15 (Reliable without restriction)
Priestley et al., 1998 [65], UK	In vitro (n = 40 D. pteronyssinus mites)	Filter paper contact assays: placing the mites on suspending filter papers impregnated with test solutions and microscopic examination their mobility for 30 min and their mortality for 2 h	TTO (10%) solution (n = 10) Lavender oil (LO, 10%) solution (n = 10) Lemon oil (LeO, 10%) solution (n = 10) Ethanol (Control) (n = 10) solution	Mortality rate (proportion of non-viable mites, absence of movement when touched with forceps) after 2 h Proportion of non-moving mites, (without touching) after 30 min	Mortality rate: 100% for TTO vs. 87% for Lavender oil vs. 80% for Lemon oil vs. 0% for Control (no statistics reported) Proportion of non-moving mites: 100% for TTO vs. 87% for Lavender oil vs. 63 % for Lemon oil vs. 0% for Control (no p-value is reported)	14 (Reliable with restriction)
Rim and Jee, 2006 [80], South Korea	In vitro (n = 2429 D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus mites)	Filter paper contact assay: placing the mites on filter papers impregnated with test solutions placed at the bottom of Petri dishes and microscopic examination of mites after 5 min	0.1µL/cm2 of TTO (n = 307), Pennyroyal oil (n = 302), Ylang ylang oil (n = 312), Citronella oil (n = 297), Lemon Grass oil (n = 309), Rosemary oil (n = 309) solutions, Ethanol (Vehicle control, n = 306) solution and Permethrin (Active Control, n = 287, dosage form not indicated)	Mortality rate (Proportion of non-viable mites, absence of movement when touched with a pin) after 5 min of contact	Mortality rate: 10% for TTO vs. 100% for Pennyroyal vs. 98% for Ylang ylang vs. 0% for Citronella vs. 61% for Lemon Grass vs. 0% for Rosemary vs. 0% for Vehicle Control vs. 0% for Active Control (no p-value is reported)	14 (Not reliable)
Williamson et al., 2007 [68], UK	In vitro (n = 40 D. pteronyssinus mites)	Mite chamber assay: placing the mites on filter papers impregnated with test solutions horizontally suspended in a chamber and microscopic examination of their mobility for 30 min and mortality for 2 h	TTO (10%) solution (n = 10) Lavender oil (LO, 10%) solution (n = 10) Lemon oil (LeO, 10%) solution (n = 10) Ethanol (Control) solution (n = 10)	Mortality rate (Proportion of non-viable mites, absence of response to stroking with a paintbrush)	Mortality rate: 100 % for TTO vs. 87% for Lavender oil vs. 80% for Lemon oil vs. 0% for Control (no p-value is reported) Proportion of non-moving mites: TTO 100% for TTO vs. 87% for Lavender oil vs. 63% for Lemon oil vs. 0% for Control (no p-value is reported)	15 (Reliable without restriction)
Yang et al., 2013 [83], South Korea	In vitro (n = 30–40 house dust mites, D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus)	Filter paper direct contact assay: placing the mites on filter papers impregnated with test solutions placed at the bottom of Petri dishes and microscopic examination of their non-viability for 24 h	T4O (2.5–40µL/cm2) solution (n = 30–40) α-Terpineol (40µL/cm2) solution (n = 30–40) 1,8-Cineole (40µL/cm2) solution (n = 30–40) Benzyl benzoate (BB, 50μL, Active Control, dosage form not indicated) (30–40) Methanol (50 μL, Vehicle Control) solution (n = 30–40)	Mortality rate (absence of appendages movement when prodded with a pin) after 24 h Lethal dose (LD50) for T4O	Mortality rate (Mean ± SD) (D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus, respectively): 100% both for T4O (5µL) vs. 100% both for T4O (20µL) vs. 100% both for T4O (10µL) vs. 80 ± 0.5 and 85 ± 1.2 for T4O (5µL) vs. 40 ± 0.8 and 35 ± 0.8 for T4O (2.5µL) vs. 0% both for α-Terpineol vs. 30 ± 0.6 and 28 ± 1.3 for 1,8-Cineole (no report on the controls and p-value) Lethal dose (LD50, µL/cm2) (95% CI) (D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus, respectively): 3.9 (3.8–4.0) and 3.5 (3.4–3.6) for T4O vs. 7.8 (7.8–7.9) and 6.0 (5.9–6.0) for BB	16 (Reliable without restriction)