Classification of mathematical models, as well as information about the features of each class of model, including the typical method of solution for those models. Other solutions methods may be applicable, but are not mentioned unless widely used. Additionally, examples of the particle–cell interaction and internalisation models that can be described using each class of model are provided, alongside select references.

Model class	Model features	Interaction/internalisation model	Select references
Ordinary differential equation	Continuous variables, deterministic, analytic and numerical solutions	Compartmental models	22, 42 and 45–51
		Energy and force models	25
		Molecular models	52
Partial differential equation	Continuous variables, spatial effects, deterministic, numerical solutions	Compartmental models	53
		Energy and force models	41 and 44
		Transport models	54–56
Stochastic differential equation	Continuous variables, stochastic effects, numerical solutions	Compartmental models	57
Deterministic discrete model	Discrete variables, deterministic, numerical solutions	Energy and force models	58
		Transport models	59 and 60
Stochastic discrete model	Discrete variables, stochastic effects, numerical solutions	Compartmental models	61 and 62
		Transport models	63 and 64