Fig. 5. Phytotoxicity assessment of LSP particles on Vinca. Representative images acquired after 72 h of foliar application of (a) DI water, (b) Kocide 3000 at Cu concentration of 1000 μg mL⁻¹, (c) LSP-50 nm at 500 μg mL⁻¹ and (d) 1000 μg mL⁻¹, (e) LSP-180 nm at 500 μg mL⁻¹ and (f) 1000 μg mL⁻¹, (g) LSP-600 nm at 500 μg mL⁻¹ and (h) 1000 μg mL⁻¹, (i) Quat at 125 μg mL⁻¹, (j and k) Quat 250 μg mL⁻¹ where (k) is a zoomed in view of the leaf exhibiting signs of phytotoxicity, (l) copper sulfate at 1000 μg mL⁻¹. Phytotoxicity rating: − indicates no toxicity, + low toxicity, +++ severe toxicity.