Fig. 17. (a) Illustration of electron transport pathways and Li plating in the SEI wrapped TCA electrode; (b) SEM image and (c) TEM image of the TCA structure; (d) TEM image of tubular carbon in the TCA electrode after cycling; the inset is the corresponding EELS spectra; (e) coulombic efficiencies of Li metal plating/stripping in different electrodes at 1 mA cm⁻² with a total capacity of 2 mA h cm⁻². (a–d) Reproduced with permission.¹²⁵ Copyright 2019, Royal Society of Chemistry.