Fig. 8.

In vivo bone defect repair facilitated by the gel-scaffold constructs. (a) Procedure and timeline of gel-scaffold construct implantation. (b) Micro-CT images of cranial defects treated with constructs, including cross-sections and longitudinal sections. (c) Quantitative analysis of osteogenesis-related parameters, BV represented the volume of new bone, TV represented the total volume of the defect and BMD represented the density of new bone. (d) H&E staining images of cranial defects after the implantation of gel-scaffold constructs for 4 and 8 weeks, NV indicated by the arrow represented for new blood vessels, and NB represented new bone tissue. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.