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. 2021 Oct 13;179:114002. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114002

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Fig. 4 — Potential mRNA applications in regenerative medicine. mRNAs can be applied to generate cells in vitro that are supposed to be transplanted for tissue repair following injury. In this regard, mRNA-based techniques are (A) either utilized to reprogram somatic cells into iPSCs, which can be further differentiated into any desired cell type. On the other hand, mRNA, transferred into stem cells or somatic cells, enable guided differentiation to obtain cells suitable for cell replacement therapy. For cell free strategies (B), mRNA technology enables to deliver signaling molecules into the tissue of interest. mRNAs encoding growth or transcription factors have been successfully applied in vivo to promote tissue regeneration [162], [246], [248], [251], [252], [255], [256], [264].