. 2020 Jan 9;2(3):962–990. doi: 10.1039/c9na00663j

XPS ratios of sp², hydroxyl (C–O), carbonyl (C O) and carboxyl (C–O–O) groups, and the magnetic nature of GO.

Material	Synthesis	(C C) sp² (area%)	(C–O) (%)	(C O)*/(C–O–O) (%)	sp²/sp³	Magnetic nature	Moment (emu gm⁻¹)	Spin density (spins per g)	Ref.
GO	Brodie method	73.7	17.3	9*	2.8	SG		—	22 and 156
GO (heated for 24 h, 180 °C)	Brodie method	86.7	10.2	3.1*	6.52	PM		—	23 and 156
NaOH treated GO	Brodie method	55.8	32	12.2*	1.26	PM		—	23 and 156
GO	Brodie or and Hummer’s method	23.32	45.33	1.48/10.94*	1.23	PM + DM	0.75	20.2 × 10¹⁸	22 and 157
GO	Pyrolysis of silk cocoon	—	—	—	—	(FM)	0.005	—	24
BGO	Brodie method	—	—	—	—	(AFM) + (PM)	—	2 × 10¹⁸	25
HGO	Hummer’s method	—	—	—	—	(AFM) + (PM)	—	2 × 10¹⁹	25
Monolayer GO quantum dots	Oxidative cutting	59.5	2.5	0.5*/30.5	—	PM + FM	0.159	5.7 × 10¹⁸	26
GO	Modified Hummer’s method	—	—	—	—	SG	—	—	27

XPS ratios of sp2, hydroxyl (C–O), carbonyl (C Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019 O) and carboxyl (C–O–O) groups, and the magnetic nature of GO.