Various modified electrodes and their analytical performance in non-enzymatic glucose sensing^a.

CME	Reaction method	Determination techniques involved	Linear range (μM to mM)	Sensitivity (μA mM−1 cm−2)	LOD (μM)	Ref.
g-C3N4/Fe2O3–Cu composite	Non enzymatic	CV, Amp I–t	0.6–2.0	—	0.3	57
Bulk Ni	Non enzymatic	CV, EIS, CA, Amp I–t	0.5 to 4	2900	13	30
g-C3N4 nanosheets	Enzymatic	CV, EIS, Amp I–t	50–2	21.7	5	40
3D Ni3S2 nanosheets/Ni foam	Non enzymatic	CV, EIS, CA, Amp I–t	0.005–3.0	6148.0	1.2	31
Ni3S2/carbon nanotube	Non enzymatic	CV, EIS, CA, Amp I–t	30 to 0.5	345	1	58
g-C3N4 nanosheets	Non enzymatic	CV, EIS, Amp I–t	1 to 12	—	11	32
NiS/rGO nanohybrid	Non enzymatic	CV, LSV, Amp I–t	50–1.7	—	10	59
PVP–NiS	Non enzymatic	CV, DPV, Amp I–t	0.2–2.97	1013.76	4.6	60
Au–NiCo2O4/Ni foam	Non enzymatic	CA, Amp I–t	0.005–0.045	44.86	2.64	26
Hierarchical Ni3S2 electrode	Non enzymatic	CV, EIS, Amp I–t	0.0005–3	16 460	0.82	33
NiS/S-g-C 3 N 4	Non enzymatic	CV, LSV, Amp I–t	0.1 to 2.1	80	1.5	This work

^aCME – chemically modified electrode; CB – carbon black; NiS – nickel sulfide; CV – cyclic voltammetry; Amp I–t – amperometry; g-C₃N₄ – graphitic carbon nitride; Fe₂O₃ – iron oxide; Cu – copper; Ni – nickel; CA – chronoamperometry; EIS – electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Au–NiCo₂O₄/Ni – gold–nickel cobalt oxide/nickel; Ni₃S₂ – nickel sulfide; rGO – reduced graphene oxide; PVP – polyvinylpyrrolidone; DPV – differential pulse voltammetry; LSV – linear sweep voltammetry.