Fig. 7. Growth of single-crystal graphene on the Ge substrate. (a) Schematic of growing the single-crystal monolayer graphene on the Ge (110) surface. (b) High-resolution TEM image of the graphene film. Inset: SAED image of the single-crystal graphene. (a and b) Reproduced with permission.33 Copyright 2014, American Association for the Advancement of Science. (c) STM image of GNR with a C cluster at its end. Reproduced with permission.58 Copyright 2020, Elsevier. (d and e) AFM and STM image of GNRs on the Ge (001) surface. Scale bar is 400 nm in d. Reproduced with permission.60 Copyright 2015, Nature Publishing Group. (f) Graphene islands on the Ge (001) substrate with a 15° miscut angle. (g) Terahertz wafer-scale mobility mapping of the graphene film on the vicinal Ge (001) substrate. (f and g) Reproduced with permission.63 Copyright 2020, Elsevier.
