Fig. 8. Growth of the large-area single-crystal graphene film on other substrates. (a) Productive process of the single-crystal Ni (111) film. (b) AFM image of the as-obtained Ni film. (c) LEED pattern of graphene grown on a Ni film. (a–c) Reproduced with permission.⁶⁸ Copyright 2011, American Chemical Society. (d) The fabrication process of the single-crystal Cu/Ni (111) film. (e) LEED pattern of graphene. (f) Photograph of the as-obtained 6 inches Cu/Ni film. (d–f) Reproduced with permission.⁶⁴ Copyright 2019, WILEY-VCH. (g) Illustration showing the stitching of the graphene islands on the Cu/Ni (111) alloy. (h) SEM images of the graphene domains. The yellow dash line presents the direction of domains. (i) Continuous graphene film derived from the stitching of the domains in (f). (j) Raman spectra of numerous regions taken from the graphene film. (k) Raman mapping of the I_D/I_G intensity ratio of the joined islands. (h–k) Reproduced with permission.⁷⁰ Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society.