Table 2.
Studies on the conventional catalytic hydrogenolysis of glycerol to renewable propylene glycol
| Catalyst and reaction conditions | Glycerol conversion/RPG selectivity | References |
|---|---|---|
| Catalyst: Cu–Cr. Pressure= 4.15 MP, temp=210°C, time =10 h, catalyst=5% w/w of glycerol |
Conversion= 52%, Selectivity= 88% |
Ma et al., (2010) |
| Catalyst: 5 wt.% Ru/Al2O3 and 5 wt.% Pt/Al2O3 mixtures. No external hydrogen, time: 6 h, temp= 220°C. |
Conversion= 50.1%, Selectivity= 47.2% |
Roy et al., (2010) |
| Catalyst: 5 % Ni/gamma-Al2O3. 5 mass% aqueous solution, 20 mL; initial H2 pressure, 8.0 MPa; reaction temperature, 453 K |
Conversion= 12%, Selectivity= 74% |
Ueda et al., (2010) |
| Catalyst: Cu/Al 20 wt% glycerol aqueous solution (100 mL), 7 MPa H2 pressure, 0.8 g catalyst, 493 K, 5 h. |
Conversion= 38%, Selectivity= 91% |
Mane et al., (2010) |
| Catalyst: CuO/ZnO. 15 g glycerol, 65 mL H2O, 180°C, 80 bar H2, 0.08 mol Cu (50%), 5 mmol H2WO4. |
Conversion= 21 %, Selectivity= 17 % |
Chaminand et al., (2004) |
| Catalyst = Ru/C 20 mass%; glycerol aqueous solution 20 ml; 8.0 MPa initial H2 pressure; 10 h reaction time; 15 mg Ru/C; 140 mmol H+ in the resins; temp= 453 K. |
Conversion= 48.8 %, Selectivity= 70.2 % |
Miyazawa et al., (2007) |
| Catalyst= 1% Pt/Amorphous silica–alumina Catalyst samples used under 493 K reaction temperature, 45 bar pressure, 41mL |
Conversion= 19.8 %, Selectivity= 31.9 % |
Gandarias et al., (2010) |
| Cu–Ni catalysts with ZSM-5 and Al2O3 catalyst pressure= 4 MPa, temp=250°C, time =6 h, catalyst=10% w/w of glycerol | Conversion= 87%, Selectivity= 27% |
Freitas et al., (2018) |
| Catalyst: Bimetallic Cu-Ni catalysts supported on mesoporous alumina. Atmospheric pressure, temp=220°C, time =10 h, catalyst=33% w/w of glycerol |
Conversion= 60%, selectivity= 20% | Yun et al., (2014) |
| Catalyst: Cu/Al2O3 pressure= 8 MPa, temp=230°C, time =6 h, catalyst=10% w/w of glycerol | Conversion= 94.7%, Selectivity= 90% |
Rajkhowa et al., (2017) |
| SiO2–Al2O3 supported 65% Ni catalyst pressure= 8 MPa, temp=240°C, time = 240 min, catalyst=10% w/w of glycerol. Gas to liquid phase volume ratio of 1.4 | Conversion= 73.6%, Selectivity= 59% |
Seretis and Tsiakaras., (2016) |
| Catalyst: Cu-Al pressure= 2 MPa, temp=220°C, time = 50 h, catalyst=10% w/w of glycerol. | Conversion= 91 %, Selectivity= 75 % |
Mane and Rode., (2012) |