Table 1.
Demographic details and baseline characteristics of all participants.
| Min-Max | Mean | S.D. | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 25–45 | 35.07 | 6.24 |
| BMI | 17.5–26.5 | 22.60 | 8.10 |
| POMS | −20-48 | 8.12 | 16.22 |
| BDI | 0–12 | 2.93 | 3.26 |
| Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale | 22–50 | 37.46 | 6.56 |
| Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire | 0–9 | 3.15 | 1.98 |
| Stress Response Scale | 0–29 | 6.63 | 7.46 |
| Perceived Stress Scale | 0–41 | 22.65 | 9.18 |
| Japanese Burnout Scale-E | 5–22 | 9.67 | 4.13 |
| Japanese Burnout Scale-D | 6–21 | 9.98 | 4.08 |
| Japanese Burnout Scale-PA | 8–29 | 19.04 | 5.57 |
| Mental calculation* |
42–50 |
48.72 |
1.57 |
| N | % | ||
| Education | Secondary | 4 | 6.8 |
| Undergraduate | 43 | 72.9 | |
| Postgraduate | 12 | 20.3 | |
| Exercise habits | Yes | 30 | 50.8 |
| No | 29 | 49.2 | |
| Abdominal pain/ | Yes | 0 | 0.0 |
| Abnormal bowel habits** | No | 59 | 100.0 |
BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; BMI, body mass index; Japanese Bounout Scale-D, depersonalization; -E, emotional exhaustion; -PA, personal accomplishment; Min, minimum; Max, maximum; POMS, Profile of Mood States 2 short version; S.D., standard deviation.
* Participants solved the elementary school level (1–2 digits) addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division by mental arithmetic. Maximum score was 50.
** More than 3 consecutive days of abdominal pain/abnormal bowel habits within the past 3 months.