Table 1.

Percentage distribution of men who used condom with most recent partner by background characteristics, Southern Africa.

	DHS 2014 N = 2255	DHS 2011 N = 3521	DHS 2013 N = 3229	DHS 2016 N = 2935	DHS 2015 N = 5855	DHS 2018 N = 9224
Background characteristics	Lesotho	Mozambique	Namibia	South Africa	Zimbabwe	Zambia
Age	***	***	***	***	***	***
15–24	76.3	33.3	79.2	74.1	63.1	41.5
25–34	59.3	16.7	64.6	52.6	23.3	22.8
35–44	42.2	9.4	46.7	38.9	17.1	16.4
45–54	41.8	4.0	30.3	30.9	20.6	12.4
55–59	27.7	1.6	23.0	18.3	–	9.3
Residence	***	***	**	*	***	***
Urban	66.8	34.9	61.4	48.7	34.1	28.8
Rural	53.8	8.5	55.7	53.9	27.3	20.7
Marital status	***	***	***	***	***	***
Never married	79.2	46.7	80.7	69.4	81.6	50.8
Married	40.9	8.3	30.5	25.2	11.9	12.6
Formerly married	56.8	22.2	61.4	59.0	70.8	42.1
Age at first sex	***	**	**	ns	***	**
Below 15 years	66.7	26.8	67.6	55.4	40.3	27.1
15–24 years	57.9	16.9	58.2	49.7	31.6	24.0
25+	41.7	16.4	52.4	45.4	14.1	17.2
Education level	***	***	***	***	ns	***
None	35.6	2.0	49.4	31.9	15.3	16.6
Primary	52.3	11.1	51.3	37.2	28.7	16.8
Secondary	70.3	40.8	63.9	54.8	30.9	29.8
Higher	67.5	53.5	57.5	42.2	27.7	29.2
Literacy	***	***	***	ns	ns	***
No	36.9	5.1	42.9	42.9	32.0	17.2
Yes	62.8	24.5	60.9	50.7	29.8	25.6
Wealth status	***	***	*	*	*	***
Poor	46.1	3.6	55.0	48.5	27.5	20.6
Middle	60.5	12.1	63.6	58.2	29.2	23.6
Rich	65.2	33.5	59.7	47.9	32.3	27.3
Working status	ns	***	***	***	***	***
No	59.1	40.5	68.1	59.6	40.0	39.4
Yes	57.8	15.1	54.5	41.9	26.9	21.5
Circumcision status	ns	*	ns	ns	***	***
No	59.2	20.2	60.2	45.8	28.5	21.3
Yes	58.0	16.3	56.3	53.3	39.3	30.4
Total	58.3%	18.2%	59.1%	50.2%	29.9%	24.0%

***p < 0.0001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05; ns not significant.