TABLE 1.

Summary of changes in gene expression between 12 and 36 weeks

Gene	Between 12 and 36 weeks		Action of modulation of the gene
	Expression	Group with changes (* largest change)
Fibrosis
MMP9	˅	all	Less degradation of the extracellular matrix
TIMP	˄	all	Inhibition of MMPs, thus less degradation of the extracellular matrix
TNFα	˄	all IM* OFE*	Inflammatory cytokine associated with increased fibrosis
TGFβ1	˄	all	Central mediator of increased fibrosis
AGRT1	˅	all IM* IF*	Decreased angiotensin II receptor 1, thus decreased fibrosis
Calcification
RUNX2	˄	all IM*	Increased osteoblastic differentiation
Alpl	–	Decreased in IF*	Increased bone mineralization
BMP2	–	–	Bone morphogenic factor 2, associated with bone and cartilage formation
BGLAP	–	–	Gene coding for osteocalcin, bone formation marker
Wnt‐5a	˅	all IF*	Implicated in the non‐canonical Wnt pathway associated with calcification
Apoptosis
BCl2	–	–	Regulates apoptosis
Casp3	–	–	Part of the caspase family which induces apoptosis