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. 2020 Jun 19;2(9):3632–3655. doi: 10.1039/d0na00187b

Summary of particles properties, potential functionalization, and magnetic field sources, magnetic field amplitude, frequency and duration, and cancer cells properties, used in the literature for a TMMEP. Magnetic fields units (kA m−1; Oe; G) reported as used in references and converted in SI unit (T or mT)a,b,c.

Shape References Diameter Length or thick-ness Material Functionalization Chemo Device Field Amplitude Frequency Duration Cell line Type1
Cube Shen et al., 2017 (ref. 30) — 62 nm Zn–IO2 DA–PAA–PEG + EGF peptide — Magnetic stirrer Rotating 40 mT 15 Hz 30 min × 3 days U87 Glioblastoma A
Chen et al., 2020 (ref. 25) — 20 nm Zn–IO2 TPP3 — Magnetic stirrer Rotating 40 mT 15 Hz 30 min U87 Glioblastoma A
Nanowire Fung et al., 2008 (ref. 19) 200 nm 4.4 μm Ni — — Magnetic stirrer Rotating 240 mT 1 Hz 20 min NIH/3T3 Fibroblast
Liu et al., 2012 (ref. 31) 100 nm 1 μm C+4 — — Magnetic stirrer Rotating 40–75 mT 16.7 Hz 20 min MCF-7 Breast cancer
Wang et al., 2013 (ref. 29) 80 nm 580 nm Fe Silica — Oscillating magnet Oscillat. or Grad. 160 kA m−1 ∼ 200 mT 2–10 Hz 20–60 min HepG2 Hepatocellular carcinoma
D. Cheng et al., 2014 (ref. 32) 250–120 nm 200 nm Fe3O4 — — Electro-magnet Alternat. 35 kHz 0–10–30–60–120 min HeLa5 Metastases A
Contreras et al., 2015 (ref. 33) 35 nm 4 μm Ni — — Coil Alternat. 0.5 mT 1–1000 Hz 10–30 min HCT116 Colorectal carcinoma
Kilinc et al., 2015 (ref. 34) 254 nm 1.98 μm Fe–Au PEG + HRG Yes6 Electro-magnet Alternat. + Grad. — 0.5 Hz (1 s ON + 1 s OFF) 15 min MCF7, MDA-MB-231 Breast cancer
Martínez et al., 2016 (ref. 35) 30–40 nm 6.4 μm Fe BSA, APTES Yes7 Electro-magnet Alternat. 1 mT 10 Hz 10 min MDA-MB-231 Breast cancer
Cylinder Wong et al., 2017 (ref. 36) 150–350 nm 50–500 nm NiFe — — 4 coils DC, AC uni- or bi-axial pulsed 140 Oe = 14 mT 1–20 Hz 10 min HeLa4 Metastases A
Disk Kim et al., 2010 (ref. 22) 1 μm 70 nm Au/NiFe/Au Anti-human-IL13a2R — Electro-magnet Alternat. 90 Oe = 9 mT 10–60 Hz 10 min N10 Glioma A
Y. Cheng et al. 2015 (ref. 37) 2 μm 70 nm Au/NiFe/Au — — Halbach cylinder Rotating 1 T 20 Hz 5–30 min U87 Glioblastoma § A
Leulmi et al., 2015 (ref. 38) 1.3 μm 80 nm Au/NiFe/Au Anti-hCA9 — Magnetic stirrer Rotating 30 mT 20 Hz 45 min SKRC59 hCA9 Renal carcinoma A
Muroski et al., 2016 (ref. 39) 2 μm 60 nm SAF8 — — Halbach cylinder Rotating 1 T 20 Hz 30 min × 3 days HB1.F3.CD, U87 Neural stem cell, glioblastoma A
Zamay et al. 2016 (ref. 40) 500 nm 60 nm Au/Ni/Au AS-9 et AS-14 — Coil Alternat. 100 Oe = 10 mT 100 Hz 10 min EAC Elrich cell9 § A
Mansell et al., 2017 (ref. 27) 2 μm 118 nm, 70 nm SAF7 or Au/NiFe/Au — — Halbach cylinder Rotating 1 T 20 Hz 1 min U87 Glioblastoma A
Sphere Hu and Gao 2010 (ref. 41) 180 nm + 15 nm — Janus nano-composite + Fe3O4 PS16-b-PAA10 — Magnetic stirrer Rotating — 0.83 Hz 15 min LNCaP Prostate tumor A
Cho et al., 2012 (ref. 42) 15 nm — Zn–IO Ab for DR4 — 2 magnets Grad. 0.2 T — 2 h DLD-1 Colon cancer § A
Domenech et al., 2013 (ref. 21) 61 ± 29 nm — Fe3O4 CMDx + EGF — Coil Alternat. 42 kA m−1 ∼ 52 mT 233 kHz 1 h MDA-MB-23, 184-B5 Breast cancer, healthy mammary gland A
Wang et al., 2013 (ref. 29) 0.2–2 μm Fe APTES — Oscillating magnet Oscillat. Or Grad. 160 kA m−1 ∼ 200 mT 2–10 Hz 20–60 min HepG2 Hepatocellular carcinoma
D. Cheng et al., 2014 (ref. 32) 200 nm — Fe3O4 — — Electro-magnet Alternat. 35 kHz 0–10–30–60–120 min HeLa4 Metastasis A
E. Zhang et al., 2014 (ref. 43) 0.1–5.8 μm — Fe3O4 Lamp-1 — Coils Alternat.+ Grad. 30 mT 5–20 Hz 20 min INS1 Rat insulinome A
Master et al., 2016 (ref. 44) 7–8 nm — Fe3O4 PAA(PMA)–PEG ou PAA-P85 — Electro-magnet Alternat. Sinus. 50 or 100 kA m−1 ∼ 62 or 125 mT 50 Hz 30 min or 3 × (10 min ON + 5 min OFF) MDA-MB-231, BT474, MCF10A Breast cancer, ductal carcinoma, healthy mammary gland
Wo et al., 2016 (ref. 45) 250–550 nm — Fe3O4 SiO2/GQD + LB10 Yes6 4 moving magnets Alternat. 45 mT 2000 rpm 20–60 min Eca-109 Esophageal cancer cells
Ju et al., 2016 (ref. 46) 40 nm — Fe3O4 — — Coil Alternat. 0.7 mT 100 Hz HepG2, Bel-7402, HL-7702 Hepatocellular carcinoma11, healthy hepatic cell A
Brossel et al., 2016 (ref. 47) 100 nm — Fe — — 2 magnets Gradient 0.66 T — 2 h × 21 days MDA-MB-231 Breast cancer §
Hapuarachchige et al., 2016 (ref. 48) 80 nm — Fe3O4 Starch — MRI Alternat. Grad. in bias high field 9.4 T 5.4 kHz 60 min MDA-MB-231 Breast cancer
Vegerhof et al., 2016 (ref. 49) 50–100–200 nm — Fe3O4 PEG + C225 Yes12 Electro-magnet Alternat.+ Grad. 6.2 G = 0.62 mT 4 Hz 15 min A431 Skin cancer §
Li et al., 2017 (ref. 50) 30 nm — Fe3O4 DMSA — 2 rotating magnets Alternat. 0.1–20 mT 2–20 Hz 1 h MCF-7 Breast cancer § A
Lunov et al., 2019 (ref. 51) ∼60 nm — Fe3O4 Carboxy-dextran Coil High field pulses of 15 μs 5.5–8.5 T ∼1.6 mHz 100 s Huh7, Alexander, HepG2 Hepatocellular carcinoma, liver hepatoma, hepatoblastoma A
Anisotropic Chiriac et al., 2018 (ref. 52) — 10–200 nm Fe–Cr–Nb–B — — 4 coils Rotating or Grad. 1–20 Oe = 0.1–2 mT 20–0–70–100 Hz 5–10–15–20 min HOS, NHDF Osteosarcoma, healthy skin cell A
a

The § symbol is used to indicate in vivo studies; abbreviations: EGF: epidermal growth factor; Oscillat. = Oscillating; Grad. = Gradient; Alternat. = Alternating; Sinus. = Sinusoidal.

b

In the last column (“Type”) of the present Table 1, A refers to “Apoptosis” mentioned as main cell death pathway, post-TMMEP, reported from the column 6 of Table 2.

c

1 Human cells, except mentioned. 2 Zn–IO: iron oxide doped with zinc. 3 Triphenyl-phosphonium cation. 4 5% metallic impurities. 5 Cervical cancer metastasis. 6 Vemurafenib. 7 Doxorubicin. 8 Synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) composed of: Au/(Ta/Pt/CoFeB/Pt/Ru/Pt/CoFeB/Pt)/Au. 9 Mouse Ehlrich ascite adenocarcinoma. 10 Silica shell + graphene quantum dots + lipid bilayer. 11 Contamination by HeLa cells was recently demonstrated.10312 Cetuximab.