Table 1.
Characteristics of the included articles (n = 85)
| Characteristic | |
|---|---|
| Author-level variables | |
| Affiliation of the corresponding authora | |
| European institute, no. (%) | 49 (57.6) |
| Finland, no. (%) | 6 (7.1) |
| Germany, no. (%) | 10 (11.8) |
| Spain, no. (%) | 3 (3.5) |
| Sweden, no. (%) | 4 (4.7) |
| Switzerland, no. (%) | 3 (3.5) |
| The Netherlands, no. (%) | 4 (4.7) |
| UK, no. (%) | 12 (14.1) |
| Non-European institute, no. (%) | 36 (42.4) |
| Australia, no. (%) | 18 (21.2) |
| New Zealand, no. (%) | 4 (4.7) |
| USA, no. (%) | 9 (10.6) |
| Study-level variables | |
| Setting | |
| Community, no. (%) | 69 (81.2) |
| Other, no. (%) | 16 (18.8) |
| Assisted living, no. (%) | 1 (1.2) |
| Hospital, no. (%) | 5 (5.9) |
| Long-term care/nursing home, no. (%) | 6 (7.1) |
| Combined, no. (%) | 4 (4.7) |
| Number of trial centres | |
| Multiple, no. (%) | 53 (62.4) |
| Single, no. (%) | 19 (22.4) |
| Not reported, no. (%) | 13 (15.3) |
| Number of trial arms | |
| Two, no. (%) | 67 (78.8) |
| Three or more, no. (%) | 18 (21.2) |
| Funding source | |
| Industry, no. (%) | 3 (3.5) |
| Non-industry, no. (%) | 63 (74.1) |
| Combined, no. (%) | 12 (14.1) |
| None, no. (%) | 3 (3.5) |
| Not reported or unclear, no. (%) | 4 (4.7) |
| Intervention type | |
| Exercise, no. (%) | 26 (30.6) |
| Multi-component/factorial, no. (%) | 38 (44.7) |
| Other, no. (%) | 21 (24.7) |
| Mean age of trial participants at baseline | |
| Years, mean (SD) | 76.8 (5.3) |
| Years, minimum | 62 |
| Years, maximum | 88 |
| Female participants at baseline | |
| %, mean (SD) | 68.1 (17.8) |
| %, minimum | 0 |
| %, maximum | 100 |
| Whether population of interest living with disease at baseline | |
| No, no. (%) | 61 (71.8) |
| Yes, no. (%) | 24 (28.2) |
| Dementia or cognitive impairment, no. (%) | 6 (7.0) |
| Parkinson’s disease and/or stroke, no. (%) | 5 (5.9) |
| Other, no. (%) | 13 (15.3) |
| Fall risk of trial participants at baseline | |
| At high riskb, no. (%) | 49 (57.6) |
| At risk, no. (%) | 36 (42.4) |
| Sample size at baseline | |
| Mean (SD) | 837.2 (2029.3) |
| Minimum | 23 |
| Maximum | 12,483 |
| Length of follow-up of primary outcome | |
| Less than 12 months, no. (%) | 32 (37.6) |
| 12 or more months, no. (%) | 52 (61.2) |
| Not reported, no. (%) | 1 (1.2) |
| Manuscript-level variables | |
| Year of publication | |
| 2007–2011, no. (%) | 22 (25.9) |
| 2012–2016, no. (%) | 30 (35.3) |
| 2017–2021, no. (%) | 33 (38.5) |
| Journal type | |
| Specialist, no. (%) | 62 (72.9) |
| General, no. (%) | 23 (27.1) |
| Citation of ProFaNE core outcome set | |
| Introduction, no. (%) | 12 (14.1) |
| Methods, no. (%) | 72 (84.7) |
| Results, no. (%) | 1 (1.2) |
| Discussion, no. (%) | 17 (20.0) |
SD standard deviation
a n = 3 articles had corresponding authors with affiliations from multiple countries
b if a history of falls was included in eligibility criteria, or participants were described as being at high risk for falls