Applications of MRI/NIR-II fluorescence dual-modal nanoprobes for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
| Nanoprobes | Size (nm) | Accumulation of major organs | Imaging element | r1 value (mM−1 s−1) | Imaging modality | Treatment method | Animal models | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gd–Ag2S nanoprobe | ∼7–9 | Liver, spleen, tumor | Gd | 4.9 | MRI/NIR-II | Precise surgery | Glioma in orthotopic (U87) | 27 |
| Ag2Se–Gd QDs | ∼3–5 | Liver, spleen | Gd | 2.9791 | MRI/NIR-II | 24 | ||
| PFTQ-PEG-Gd NPs | ∼105 | Liver, spleen, tumor | Gd | 10.95 | PAI/MRI/NIR-II | Photothermal therapy | Breast cancer in xenograft (4T1) | 23 |
| H-dots | ∼140 | Liver, spleen, kidney, tumor | Mn | 0.20 | Glioma in xenograft (U87) | 25 | ||
| FS-Gd NDs | ∼2–4 | Liver, tumor | Gd | 10.11 | MR/NIR-II | Photothermal therapy | Breast cancer in xenograft (4T1) | 26 |
| CH4T@MOF-PEG-AE | ∼60 | Liver, kidney, tumor | Fe | MR/NIR-II | Photothermal therapy and surgical resection | Glioma in xenograft (U87) | 28 | |
| NCs | ∼2 | Liver, kidney, tumor | Gd | 22.6 | MR/NIR-II | RT sensitivity | Glioma in xenograft (C6) | Our proposed method |