Fig. 18.

Identification of methylated cytosine residues using solid nanopore synthesized from 2D graphene or MoS₂. Image adapted from [351]_. a Discrimination of C and mC structures with the help of MBD1 protein. The methylation occurs in the fifth carbon position of the cytosine ring structure, and most of the mC nucleotides are found in the CpG island region of the gene. b Diagrammatic detection model of the mC during nanopore sequencing of DNA. The identification is based on utilizing ionic current differences obtained from the application of the required voltage