Details of studies showing beneficial effects of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) on plant growth and stress tolerance in Si accumulators, non-accumulators and intermediates^a.

S. no.	Plant species	Size of SiO2-NPs used	Positive effects on plant growth/stress tolerance	Accumulator/non-accumulator/intermediate	Reference
1	Banana	20–35 nm	Drought and salt tolerance	Accumulator	120
2	Barley	20–30 nm	Drought tolerance	Intermediate	121
3	Basil	20–30 nm	Salt tolerance	Intermediate	122
4	Coriander	20–35 nm	Heavy metal tolerance	Intermediate	123
5	Cucumber	10 nm	Drought and salt tolerance	Intermediate	124
6	Cumin	10–20 nm	Drought tolerance	Intermediate	125
7	Faba bean	40 nm	Salt tolerance	Non-accumulator	126
8	Faba bean	10 nm	Enhanced seed germination and growth	Non-accumulator	127
9	Faba bean	10 nm	Salt tolerance	Non-accumulator	128
10	Lentil	20–30 nm	Salt tolerance		129
11	Maize	∼170	Arsenic and oxidative stress tolerance	Accumulator	83
12	Maize	5–15 nm	Aluminum tolerance	Accumulator	130
13	Mango	5–15 nm	Salt tolerance	Accumulator	101
14	Oat	20–30 nm	Multiple trait improvement	Intermediate	65
15	Pea	∼170	Chromium tolerance	Intermediate	79
16	Potato	50 nm	Salt tolerance	Non-accumulator	131
17	Pumpkin	12 nm	Salt tolerance	Intermediate	132
18	Rice	230.4 nm	Fluoride tolerance	Accumulator	133
20	Rice	20–30 nm	Heavy metal tolerance	Accumulator	134
21	Rice	30–40 nm	Cadmium tolerance	Accumulator	135
22	Rice	30–40 nm	Arsenic tolerance	Accumulator	77
23	Rice	30–60 nm	Salt tolerance	Accumulator	76
24	Strawberry	10–20 nm	Salt tolerance	Non-accumulator	136
25	Sugarbeet	20–30 nm	Drought tolerance		137
26	Sunflower	20–30 nm	Seed germination	Non-accumulator	96
27	Tomato	20 nm	Salt tolerance	Non-accumulator	95
28	Tomato	5–15 nm	Salt tolerance	Non-accumulator	138
29	Tomato	5–15 nm	Weed protection	Non-accumulator	92
30	Tomato	5–15 nm	Arsenic tolerance	Non-accumulator	91
31	Tomato	5–15 nm	Root-knot nematode resistance	Non-accumulator	139
32	Tomato	5–15 nm	Salt tolerance	Non-accumulator	140
33	Tomato	5–15 nm	Salt tolerance	Non-accumulator	138
34	Wheat	<50 nm	UV-B stress tolerance	Intermediate	104
35	Wheat	<50 nm	Cadmium tolerance	Intermediate	28
36	Wheat	<50 nm	Cadmium tolerance	Intermediate	141
37	Wheat	<50 nm	Cadmium tolerance	Intermediate	142
38	Wheat	<50 nm	Heat tolerance	Intermediate	143
39	Wheat	<50 nm	Plant growth and physiological traits	Intermediate	144

^aSilicon-dioxide nanoparticles (SiO₂-NPs).