Fig. 5. (a) Theoretical prediction of initial state Seebeck coefficients as a function of a perpendicularly applied magnetic field Seini(ϕ, H) − Seini(ϕ, 0) for ϕ = 0.28% and ϕ = 1% according to eqn (17) with experimentally determined D0NP, ξ0NP, Ŝ0NP and Ψdd. (b) Experimentally measured Seini(H) for ferrofluids with ϕ = 0.28 and 1%. The error bars correspond to twice the standard error (95% confidence interval). The red and green solid lines are fits to eqn (1) (i.e.eqn (17) + Seini(0)) for ϕ = 0.28% and ϕ = 1% (see Fig. 5(a)). The dashed blue line is a guide to the eye based on an exponential fit, i.e., 
. The field induced change in the initial Seebeck coefficient, ΔSeini(ϕ, H), is indicated with a double-headed arrow.
